SEBA Class 9 Science Chapter 6 “Tissues” – Inside Book Question Answer

Looking for accurate solutions for the in-text (inside the book) questions of SEBA Class 9 Science Chapter 6 Tissues? Below, you’ll find comprehensive, easy-to-understand answers for every blue-box question across all sections, designed specifically for Assam Board (SEBA) students to score top marks in exams.

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Quick Revision Summary: Key Concepts of Chapter 6 Tissues (Insert under this heading: A brief bulleted recap or quick-notes section before the end.)

Section 1: Plant Tissues – Meristematic & Permanent Tissues (Page-wise Questions) (Insert under this heading: Questions related to meristematic tissue, apical/lateral meristems, parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma.)

Section 2: Complex Permanent Tissues – Xylem and Phloem (Insert under this heading: Questions asking about the components of xylem, phloem, and their functional differences.)

Section 3: Animal Tissues – Epithelial, Connective, Muscular & Nervous (Insert under this heading: Questions covering squamous/cuboidal epithelium, blood, bone, cartilage, cardiac muscle, and neuron structure.)

Complete In-Text Questions & Answers for SEBA Class 9 Science Chapter 6

Question 1: What is a tissue?

Answer: A tissue is a group of similar cells that work together to perform a specific function in a living body.

Question 2: Give an example of plant tissue.

Answer: Xylem is an example of plant tissue, which helps in transporting water and nutrients from the roots to other parts of the plant.

Question 3: Give an example of animal tissue.

Answer: Muscle tissue is an example of animal tissue, which helps the body move by contracting and relaxing.

Question 4: What is meristematic tissue?

Answer: Meristematic tissue is a type of plant tissue made up of actively dividing cells that help the plant grow.

Question 5: Where is apical meristem found?

Answer: Apical meristem is found at the growing tips of roots and shoots in plants.

Question 6: What is the function of lateral meristem (cambium)?

Answer: The main function of lateral meristem is to increase the thickness and girth of stems and roots in plants.

Question 7: What is differentiation?

Answer: Differentiation is the process by which newly formed meristematic cells take up a permanent shape, size, and function to become permanent tissue.

Question 8: What is parenchyma?

Answer: Parenchyma is a simple living permanent tissue in plants that mainly functions to store food.

Question 9: What is collenchyma?

Answer: Collenchyma is a living plant tissue that provides flexibility and mechanical support to soft plant parts like stems and leaves.

Question 10: What is sclerenchyma?

Answer: Sclerenchyma is a tissue made of dead cells that provides strength, hardness, and rigidity to plant parts.

Question 11: What are stomata?

Answer: Stomata are small pores present on the surface of leaves that help in gas exchange and transpiration.

Question 12: What are guard cells?

Answer: Guard cells are kidney-shaped specialized cells that control the opening and closing of stomata.

Question 13: Name the two complex tissues in plants.

Answer: The two complex permanent tissues in plants are xylem and phloem.

Step-by-Step Solutions for Plant Tissues: Meristematic & Permanent Tissues

Question 14: Which tissue transports water in plants?

Answer: Xylem is the complex plant tissue responsible for transporting water and minerals from roots to the rest of the plant.

Question 15: Which tissue transports food in plants?

Answer: Phloem is the complex plant tissue responsible for transporting food made in leaves to other parts of the plant.

Question 16: What is epithelial tissue?

Answer: Epithelial tissue is a protective covering tissue that covers the outer body surface, lines internal organs, and forms cavities inside the body.

Question 17: What is connective tissue?

Answer: Connective tissue is a type of animal tissue that connects, supports, binds, and holds different organs and tissues together in the body.

Question 18: Name the three types of muscle tissue.

Answer: The three types of muscle tissue are striated muscles, smooth muscles, and cardiac muscles.

Question 19: What is nervous tissue made of?

Answer: Nervous tissue is made up of specialized nerve cells called neurons that transmit electrical signals throughout the body.

Question 20: Name the parts of a neuron.

Answer: The main parts of a neuron are the cell body (cyton), dendrites, and axon.

Question 21: State any two features of meristematic tissue.

Answer: Two main features of meristematic tissue are:

  1. Its cells divide continuously to help the plant grow.
  2. Its cells have dense cytoplasm, thin cell walls, and prominent nuclei, but lack vacuoles.

Question 22: Differentiate between apical and lateral meristem.

Answer:

  • Apical Meristem: Found at the tips of roots and shoots, and it increases the length of the plant.
  • Lateral Meristem: Found along the sides of stems and roots, and it increases the thickness or girth of the plant.

Question 23: Give two functions of parenchyma.

Answer: Two main functions of parenchyma are:

  1. It stores food and nutrients for the plant.
  2. When it contains chlorophyll (as chlorenchyma), it helps in performing photosynthesis to prepare food.

Question 24: What is aerenchyma?

Answer: Aerenchyma is a type of parenchyma tissue found in aquatic plants that has large air cavities to help the plant float and exchange gases.

Question 25: Compare collenchyma and sclerenchyma.

Answer:

  • Collenchyma: Made of living cells with irregular wall thickenings, providing flexibility and mechanical support to soft plant parts.
  • Sclerenchyma: Made of dead cells with uniformly thickened walls, providing hardness, strength, and rigidity to plant parts.

Question 26: Mention two functions of epidermis.

Answer: Two main functions of the epidermis are:

  1. It protects the plant from mechanical injury, infection, and damage.
  2. It prevents excessive water loss from the plant surface.

Animal Tissues Explained: Epithelial, Connective, Muscular & Nervous Systems

Question 27: State any two functions of stomata.

Answer: Two main functions of stomata are:

  1. They allow the exchange of gases like carbon dioxide and oxygen between the plant and the air.
  2. They help in transpiration, which is the loss of extra water in the form of vapor.

Question 28: What are components of xylem?

Answer: The four components of xylem tissue are:

  1. Tracheids
  2. Vessels
  3. Xylem parenchyma
  4. Xylem fibers

Question 29: What are components of phloem?

Answer: The four components of phloem tissue are:

  1. Sieve tubes
  2. Companion cells
  3. Phloem parenchyma
  4. Phloem fibers

Question 30: Why is sclerenchyma important for plants?

Answer: Sclerenchyma is important for plants because it provides mechanical strength, rigidity, and support, making plant parts like stems, husks, and seed covers hard and tough.

Question 31: What is the role of blood as a connective tissue?

Answer: The main role of blood is to transport oxygen, digested food, hormones, and waste materials to different parts of the body.

Question 32: Write two characteristics of striated muscle.

Answer: Two characteristics of striated muscle are:

  1. They are voluntary muscles that can be moved according to our will.
  2. Their cells are long, cylindrical, unbranched, and contain multiple nuclei (multinucleate).

Question 33: Write two characteristics of smooth muscle.

Answer: Two characteristics of smooth muscle are:

  1. They are involuntary muscles that work automatically without our conscious control.
  2. Their cells are spindle-shaped (pointed at the ends) and contain a single nucleus.

Question 34: Write two characteristics of cardiac muscle.

Answer: Two characteristics of cardiac muscle are:

  1. They are involuntary, branched muscles found only in the heart.
  2. They show continuous, rhythmic contraction and relaxation throughout life without getting tired.

Question 35: What is the function of bone tissue?

Answer: Bone tissue provides a strong structural framework that supports the body, protects delicate internal organs, and helps in body movement.

Question 36: What is the function of cartilage?

Answer: Cartilage smooths bone surfaces at joints to reduce friction and provides flexibility and support to organs like the nose, ear, and trachea.

Question 37: What are ligaments?

Answer: Ligaments are elastic connective tissues that join one bone to another bone, providing strength and flexibility to joints.

Question 38: What are tendons?

Answer: Tendons are tough, fibrous connective tissues that join muscles to bones, allowing movement with high strength but limited flexibility.

Question 39: What is areolar tissue?

Answer: Areolar tissue is a loose connective tissue found between skin and muscles that fills internal spaces, supports internal organs, and helps repair damaged tissues.

Important Inside-the-Book Diagram & Definition Questions for SEBA Exams

Question 40: What is adipose tissue?

Answer: Adipose tissue is a fat-storing connective tissue located below the skin and around internal organs that acts as an insulator to keep the body warm.

Question 41: Explain the different types of meristematic tissues with their functions.

Answer:

  1. Apical Meristem: Located at the growing tips of roots and stems; increases the overall length of the plant.
  2. Lateral Meristem: Located on the sides of stems and roots; increases the thickness or diameter of the plant.
  3. Intercalary Meristem: Located at the base of leaves or internodes; increases the growth and length of twigs and internodes.

Question 42: Describe the features of meristematic cells.

Answer: Meristematic cells are actively dividing cells with thin cell walls, dense cytoplasm, prominent nuclei, and lack vacuoles so they can divide continuously without hindrance.

Question 43: Explain the types of simple permanent tissue.

Answer:

  1. Parenchyma: Made of living cells; mainly functions to store food and water.
  2. Collenchyma: Made of living cells with thickened corners; provides flexibility and mechanical support.
  3. Sclerenchyma: Made of dead cells with thick walls; provides strength, hardness, and rigidity.

Question 44: Describe parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma with their functions.

Answer:

  • Parenchyma: A living tissue made of thin-walled, loosely packed cells. It fills spaces inside organs and stores food and nutrients.
  • Collenchyma: A living tissue with localized wall thickenings that allows easy bending of leaves and stems without breaking.
  • Sclerenchyma: A dead tissue with thick lignin coatings on cell walls that makes plant parts like stems and husks hard and stiff.

Question 45: Explain the structure and function of epidermal tissue.

Answer:

  • Structure: It consists of a single layer of flat, tightly packed cells with no intercellular spaces, often covered by a waxy, waterproof cuticle.
  • Function: It protects the plant from mechanical injury, entry of pathogens, and excessive loss of water.

Question 46: What are stomata? Describe their structure and functions.

Answer:

  • Definition: Stomata are tiny openings present mainly on the epidermis of leaves.
  • Structure: Each stoma is surrounded by two kidney-shaped guard cells that regulate its opening and closing.
  • Functions:
    1. Facilitates the exchange of gases like carbon dioxide and oxygen for photosynthesis and respiration.
    2. Helps in transpiration, controlling water loss and cooling the plant.

Question 47: Explain the structure and components of xylem.

Answer: Xylem is a complex permanent tissue that moves water and minerals upward from roots. Its main components are:

  1. Tracheids & Vessels: Tubular structures that transport water and minerals vertically.
  2. Xylem Parenchyma: Living cells that store food and assist in sideways conduction of water.
  3. Xylem Fibers: Dead, thick-walled fibers that provide mechanical support to the plant body.

Question 48: Explain the structure and components of phloem.

Answer: Phloem is a complex permanent tissue responsible for transporting food from leaves to all other parts of the plant. Its main components are:

  1. Sieve Tubes: Tubular cells with perforated walls that conduct organic food materials.
  2. Companion Cells: Specialized cells that support sieve tubes in carrying out transport functions.
  3. Phloem Parenchyma: Thin-walled living cells that store food and other substances.
  4. Phloem Fibers: Thick-walled dead cells that provide structural strength to the tissue.

Question 49: Distinguish between xylem and phloem.

Answer:

  • Xylem: Composed mainly of dead cells. It transports water and minerals upward from roots to the rest of the plant in a single direction.
  • Phloem: Composed mainly of living cells. It transports prepared food from leaves to all other plant parts in both upward and downward directions.

Question 50: What is cork? Explain its features and functions.

Answer: Cork is the protective outer tissue that replaces the epidermis as stems and roots grow older.

  • Features: It consists of compact, dead cells without intercellular spaces. The cell walls are coated with a chemical called suberin, which makes them impervious to gases and water.
  • Functions: It protects inner tissues against mechanical injury, extreme temperatures, loss of water, and infection by pathogens.

Question 51: Describe epithelial tissue and its types.

Answer: Epithelial tissue is a continuous layer of protective cells covering body surfaces, lining internal organs, and forming glands. Its main types include:

  1. Squamous Epithelium: Thin, flat cells meant for filtration and diffusion.
  2. Stratified Squamous Epithelium: Arranged in multiple layers to prevent wear and tear.
  3. Columnar Epithelium: Tall, pillar-like cells meant for absorption and secretion.
  4. Cuboidal Epithelium: Cube-shaped cells providing mechanical support and secretion.
  5. Glandular Epithelium: Specialized cells that secrete substances like enzymes and hormones.

Question 52: Compare the four types of human epithelial tissue.

Answer:

  • Squamous Epithelium: Extremely thin and flat cells designed for easy diffusion and exchange of substances (e.g., blood vessels, lung alveoli).
  • Stratified Epithelium: Made of many cell layers stacked together to protect skin and organs from peeling, cuts, and friction.
  • Columnar Epithelium: Tall cells found where absorption and secretion take place (e.g., inner lining of the intestine).
  • Cuboidal Epithelium: Cube-like cells that form kidney tubules and salivary glands to offer mechanical support and secretion.

Question 53: Explain connective tissues with examples.

Answer: Connective tissue binds, supports, and protects various organs and structures throughout the body. The main examples are:

  1. Fluid Connective Tissue: Blood and lymph (transport gases and nutrients).
  2. Supportive Connective Tissue: Bone and cartilage (provide structural framework).
  3. Fibrous Connective Tissue: Ligaments and tendons (connect bones and muscles).
  4. Loose & Dense Connective Tissue: Areolar and adipose tissues (fill space and store fat).

Question 54: Describe the structure and function of bone and cartilage.

Answer:

  • Bone: A hard, non-flexible tissue containing a matrix rich in calcium and phosphorus salts. It forms the skeleton, supports the body, protects soft organs, and aids movement.
  • Cartilage: A firm, flexible tissue with a solid matrix composed of proteins and sugars. It smooths bone surfaces at joints and provides structure to organs like ears and the trachea.

Question 55: Explain the differences between ligaments and tendons.

Answer:

  • Ligaments: Elastic connective tissues that connect bone to bone, providing high flexibility with moderate strength to stabilize joints.
  • Tendons: Tough, fibrous connective tissues that connect muscle to bone, providing high strength with limited flexibility to pull bones during movement.

Question 56: Describe the three types of muscle tissues.

Answer:

  1. Striated Muscle: Long, cylindrical, multinucleated cells with light and dark stripes. They are voluntary muscles attached to bones for body movement.
  2. Smooth Muscle: Spindle-shaped, single-nucleated cells without stripes. They are involuntary muscles found in organs like the stomach and blood vessels.
  3. Cardiac Muscle: Cylindrical, branched, single-nucleated cells found only in the heart. They are involuntary and show rhythmically continuous contraction without fatigue.

Question 57: Explain the structure of a neuron.

Answer: A neuron (nerve cell) is the functional unit of nervous tissue. It consists of three main parts:

  1. Cell Body (Cyton): Contains the nucleus and cytoplasm.
  2. Dendrites: Short, branched extensions that receive electrical signals from other cells.
  3. Axon: A single, long tube-like extension that carries impulses away from the cell body to the next neuron or organ.

Question 58: Explain nervous tissue and its importance.

Answer: Nervous tissue is a specialized tissue made up of neurons and supporting glia cells, found in the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. Its importance lies in receiving sensory stimuli, transmitting electrical impulses quickly across the body, and coordinating motor responses to maintain body control.

Question 59: Compare plant tissues and animal tissues.

Answer:

  • Plant Tissues: Most tissues are dead and supportive to suit a stationary lifestyle. Growth is localized to specific regions containing meristematic tissue, requiring lower energy consumption.
  • Animal Tissues: Almost all tissues are living to support active locomotion and higher metabolic demands. Growth is uniform throughout the body without localized dividing zones.

Question 60: Explain how tissues show division of labour in multicellular organisms.

Answer: In multicellular organisms, individual cells group together to form specialized tissues, each designated to carry out specific functions efficiently:

  • Epithelial tissue focuses on protection.
  • Muscle tissue enables physical movement.
  • Vascular tissue carries out transport.
  • Nervous tissue manages signal transmission.

By assigning distinct duties to specialized groups of cells, tissues ensure that complex metabolic activities run smoothly without overloading individual cells.

Chapter 6 Tissues Quick Revision Notes & Frequently Asked Board Questions

Mastered Chapter 6? Practice these inside-the-book questions regularly to build a strong foundation for your mid-term and annual Class 9 exams.

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