SEBA Class 9 Advanced Geography Chapter 2 People on the Earth Important Extra Questions and Answers Solutions (New Syllabus 2026–27)

Looking for crucial SEBA Class 9 Advanced Geography Chapter 2 (People on the Earth) extra questions and answers for the 2026–27 academic session? Access additional high-yield questions covering world population growth, spatial distribution, factors affecting population density, human racial classifications, migration types, demographic transition concepts, short notes, and board exam solutions strictly designed according to the revised Assam Board (SEBA) curriculum to score top marks.

1. Very Short Answer Type Questions (1 Mark Each)

Q1: What is Human Geography?

Ans: Human Geography is the branch of geography that studies the relationship between man and the natural environment, as well as the man-made environment.

Q2: What biological species do all human beings belong to?

Ans: Homo sapiens.

Q3: Name the three major human races of the world.

Ans:

  1. Caucasoid
  2. Negroid
  3. Mongoloid

Q4: Which is the largest human race in the world by population?

Ans: The Caucasoid race.

Q5: In which continent did human beings first originate?

Ans: Africa (specifically the central and tropical eastern parts of Africa).

Q6: To which human race do the native tribal groups of Assam belong?

Ans: The Mongoloid race.

Q7: Which landform route facilitated human migration between Siberia and Alaska during the Pleistocene ice age?

Ans: The snow-covered Bering Strait.

Q8: Which is the world’s oldest religion?

Ans: Hindu religion.

Q9: What is the main holy book of the Christian religion?

Ans: The Bible.

Q10: Who was the founder of the Islam religion?

Ans: Prophet Mohammed.

Q11: Name the two major sects or divisions of Buddhism.

Ans: Hinayana and Mahayana.

Q12: Which single country contains 80% of the world’s total Hindu population?

Ans: India.

SEBA Class 9 Advanced Geography Chapter 2 Extra Questions

2. Short Answer Type Questions (2 Marks Each)

Q1: Define “Human Race”.

Ans: A human race is a group of people having almost similar physical traits and skin color, passing these shared biological characteristics from generation to generation through natural reproduction.

Q2: Mention two main physical characteristics of the Negroid race.

Ans:

  1. Dark or dark-brown skin color.
  2. Curly hair and a wide, blunt nose.

Q3: Name four sub-branches of Human Geography.

Ans:

  1. Population Geography
  2. Economic Geography
  3. Social Geography
  4. Political Geography

Q4: Differentiate between a Monotheistic religion and a Polytheistic religion, with examples from the chapter.

Ans:

Q5: Name two sub-races belonging to the Negroid racial group and their regions.

Ans:

  1. Bantu: Central and Southern Africa.
  2. Bushman / Pigmy: Western Africa.

Q6: Why is it difficult to find a pure human race in the world today?

Ans: It is difficult to find pure human races today because continuous worldwide human migration over thousands of years has led to extensive intermingling among different populations.

Q7: Mention two physical features of the Mongoloid race.

Ans:

  1. Yellowish skin color.
  2. Smaller eyes and straight hair.

Q8: Name the two main divisions of Christianity and Islam.

Ans:

Q9: Which state in India is Islam-dominant, and which state is Sikh-dominant?

Ans:

Q10: Name four Asian countries where the majority of the population follows Buddhism.

Ans: Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Thailand, and Bhutan.

Class 9 Advanced Geography Chapter 2 Important Questions SEBA 2026-27

3. Medium Answer Type Questions (3 Marks Each)

Q1: Briefly discuss the origin of human beings according to biologists.

Ans:

  1. Biologists state that human beings (Homo sapiens) evolved during the middle of the Pleistocene period (around 5–6 lakh years ago).
  2. Favorable environmental and climatic conditions allowed humans to evolve from certain mammals like monkeys, chimpanzees, and gorillas.
  3. Humans first appeared in the central/eastern part of Africa and later spread across the rest of the world.

Q2: Write a short note on the Caucasoid race.

Ans:

  1. Caucasoids constitute the world’s largest human race, making up more than half of the global population.
  2. Their skin color ranges from very white (Europeans) to olive brown (Indo-Aryans in South Asia).
  3. They typically have straight or curly hair, sharp narrow noses, and include subgroups like Nordic, Alpine, Mediterranean, and Indo-Aryan.

Q3: Describe the main characteristics of Hinduism.

Ans:

  1. Hinduism is the world’s oldest religion, originating around 5,000 years ago during the Vedic period east of the Indus River.
  2. It is based on a belief system involving many Gods and Goddesses (polytheism) and its main holy book is the Ved.
  3. According to 2006 data, it has about 90 crore followers (14% of the world population), mostly concentrated in India and Nepal.

Q4: Explain the distribution of the Christian population across the world.

Ans:

  1. Christianity is the largest religion globally, with around 213 crore adherents (approx. 33% of the world population).
  2. More than 90% of the population in North America, South America, Europe, and Australia are Christians.
  3. It spread from Western Europe through extensive missionary activities and religious conversion.

Q5: Write about the religious composition of Assam as per the 2001 Census.

Ans:

As per the 2001 Census, the population breakdown in Assam is:

  1. Hindus: 64.9%
  2. Muslims (Islam): 30.9%
  3. Christians: 3.7%
  4. Others: Buddhists (0.2%), Sikhs (0.1%), and Jains (0.1%).

Q6: Briefly explain how environmental conditions led to racial variations.

Ans:

  1. Humans initially originated in tropical Africa with mixed bodily traits.
  2. As populations migrated to different regions, varying climatic and natural conditions triggered morphological changes.
  3. Groups settling in hot African regions developed dark skin (Negroid), those in cold European regions developed white skin (Caucasoid), and those in cold Central Asian regions developed yellow skin (Mongoloid).

Q7: Write a brief note on Buddhism.

Ans:

  1. Buddhism was founded about 2,500 years ago by Gautam Buddha at Bodh Gaya in northern India as a reformative movement within Hinduism.
  2. Its primary holy book is the Tripitaka, and it is divided into two major sects: Hinayana and Mahayana.
  3. It accounts for about 6% of the world’s population (38 crore followers), with widespread distribution in East and South-East Asia.

Q8: Explain the distribution of the Islam religious group across the world.

Ans:

  1. Islam is the second-largest religion in the world, with 135 crore followers (21% of world population).
  2. It is heavily concentrated in Northern Africa, the Middle East, South Asia (Pakistan, Bangladesh), and South-East Asia (Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei).
  3. In countries like Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Iran, Iraq, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Indonesia, over 80% of the population follows Islam.

Q9: Give an account of the major religious groups in India based on the 2001 Census.

Ans:

According to the 2001 Census of India:

  1. Hindus: 81.4% (majority across most states).
  2. Muslims: 12.4% (dominant in Jammu and Kashmir).
  3. Christians: 2.3% (dominant in Nagaland, Mizoram, and Meghalaya).
  4. Sikhs (1.9%), Buddhists (0.8%), Jains, and others make up the remainder.

Q10: How did Pleistocene ice age conditions help early humans migrate across continents?

Ans:

  1. During the Pleistocene ice age, global temperatures dropped significantly, causing ocean surfaces to freeze.
  2. Landmasses that were separated by water bodies became connected by frozen ice bridges.
  3. For example, the frozen Bering Strait allowed Mongoloid populations from Central Asia to walk across into North, Central, and South America.

People on the Earth Class 9 SEBA Chapter 2 Extra Question Answer

4. Long Answer Type Questions (5 Marks Each)

Q1: Describe the physical characteristics, geographical distribution, and major sub-groups of the three major human races.

Ans:

  1. Caucasoid Race:
    1. Characteristics: White to olive-brown skin, straight or wavy hair, narrow sharp nose, medium to tall height.Distribution: Europe, South Asia, North America, South America, Australia, and New Zealand.
    1. Sub-groups: Nordic, Alpine, Mediterranean, Indo-Aryan, Semitic-Hemitic.
  2. Negroid Race:
    1. Characteristics: Dark or dark-brown skin, black tightly curled hair, broad flat nose, thick lips, generally tall stature.Distribution: Sub-Saharan Africa, South India, Sri Lanka, South-East Asia, and parts of Oceania.
    1. Sub-groups: Bantu, Nelotic-Hemitic, Bushman, Pigmy, Negrito, Australoid.
  3. Mongoloid Race:
    1. Characteristics: Yellowish skin, straight black hair, flat face, broad cheekbones, small slanting eyes.Distribution: East Asia, Central Asia, South-East Asia, and indigenous peoples of the Americas.
    1. Sub-groups: Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Burmese, Thai, Vietnamese, and indigenous tribes of Assam (Bodo, Mising, Karbi, etc.).

Q2: Discuss the origin, spread, and migration pathways of major human races across the globe.

Ans:

  1. Place of Origin: Archaeology shows early human beings (Homo sapiens) originated over 1 lakh years ago in tropical East Africa. Asia is considered a secondary origin zone.
  2. Initial Migration: About 25,000–30,000 years ago, populations began moving out of East Africa due to changing climate and environmental conditions.
  3. Migration Routes: Early humans used island chains and ice-covered oceans during the Pleistocene ice age to cross natural water barriers.
  4. Spread of Mongoloids: Mongoloid groups migrated eastward from Central Asia, crossing the frozen Bering Strait into North, Central, and South America.
  5. Spread of Caucasoids & Negroids: Caucasoids moved from South-West Asia into Western Europe, North Africa, and South Asia. Negroids spread throughout Africa, parts of Southern Asia, and Oceania.

SEBA Class 9 Elective Geography Chapter 2 Important Notes

Q3: Write a detailed essay on the major religions of the world with respect to their origin, holy books, and world population share.

Ans:

  1. Christianity:
    1. Origin & Founder: Founded ~2,000 years ago centered on Jesus Christ within Greek and Roman civilizations.Holy Book: Bible.
  2. Population: 213 crore (33% of world population—largest).
  3. Islam:
    1. Origin & Founder: Founded ~1,400 years ago in Middle Eastern deserts by Prophet Mohammed.Holy Book: Quran.
    1. Population: 135 crore (21% of world population—second largest).
  4. Hinduism:
    1. Origin & Founder: World’s oldest religion, evolved ~5,000 years ago in India during the Vedic period.Holy Book: Ved.
    1. Population: 90 crore (14% of world population).
  5. Buddhism:
    1. Origin & Founder: Founded ~2,500 years ago in Bodh Gaya, India by Gautam Buddha.Holy Book: Tripitaka.
    1. Population: 38 crore (6% of world population).

Q4: Explain the spatial distribution of major religious groups across the continents.

Ans:

  1. Asia: Contains the highest concentration of Hindus (86.2 crore), Muslims (92 crore), and Buddhists (37.5 crore).
  2. Europe: Dominated by Christians (56 crore followers, mainly Roman Catholic, Protestant, and Orthodox).
  3. Africa: Predominantly divided between Christians in the central/southern regions (40.8 crore) and Muslims in Northern Africa (36.1 crore).
  4. North & Latin America: Over 90% of the population follows Christianity (28 crore in North America, 48 crore in Latin America).
  5. Oceania: Primarily Christian-dominated (2.6 crore adherents) with small numbers of Hindus, Muslims, and Buddhists.

Q5: Discuss the religious diversity of India, detailing major religions, their percentage shares, and regional concentration.

Ans:

  1. Hinduism: Followed by 81.4% of the population, forming the majority in almost all states except a few.
  2. Islam: Second-largest religious group at 12.4%, forming a majority in Jammu & Kashmir and significant populations in UP, Bihar, Assam, and West Bengal.
  3. Christianity: Account for 2.3% of the population, forming clear majorities in North-Eastern states like Nagaland, Mizoram, and Meghalaya.
  4. Sikhism: Constitutes 1.9% of the population, heavily concentrated in the state of Punjab.
  5. Buddhism & Jainism: Buddhists (0.8%) live mainly in Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh, Maharashtra, and Ladakh. Jains primarily live in Rajasthan and Gujarat.

SEBA Class 9 Advanced Geography Chapter 2 Extra Solutions

🌍 Exam Preparation Notice: This page provides curated SEBA Class 9 Advanced Geography Chapter 2 (People on the Earth) Important Extra Questions and Answers updated for the 2026–27 academic session. This special bundle features high-probability short answers, long conceptual questions, human race distinctions, population density factors, and demographic tables tailored for unit tests, half-yearly evaluations, and final school examinations.

💡 Excel in Class 9 Advanced Geography:

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