Looking for complete, textbook-verified solutions for SEBA Class 10 Social Science History Chapter 4 (Indian National Movement and National Awakening in Assam / Role of Assam in Freedom Movement / ভাৰতৰ স্বাধীনতা আন্দোলন আৰু অসমত জাতীয় জাগৰণ) for the 2026–27 academic session? Access step-by-step solutions to all textbook exercises—including Very Short Answer (VSA), Short Answer (SA), and Long Answer (LA) questions. Master high-scoring answers covering early sociopolitical organizations (Assam Association, Sarbajanik Sabha, Asam Sahitya Sabha, Assam Chatra Sanmilan), the formation of the Assam Provincial Congress Committee (APCC) in 1921 with Kuladhar Chaliha and Tarun Ram Phookan, Mahatma Gandhi’s historic 1921 visit to Assam, the Non-Cooperation Movement in the Brahmaputra and Surma Valleys including the Chargola tea garden exodus, the 41st Pandu Congress Session (1926), Civil Disobedience and Cunningham Circular protests, Assam’s underground resistance during the Quit India Movement (1942) led by Mrityu Bahini, the supreme sacrifices of martyrs Kanaklata Barua, Mukunda Kakati, Kushal Konwar, Bhogeswari Phukanani, and Tileswari Barua, the Cabinet Mission and the Grouping Scheme controversy fiercely resisted by Lokapriya Gopinath Bordoloi to save Assam from inclusion in East Pakistan, along with structured model answers designed strictly according to the Assam Board (SEBA) HSLC blueprint.
1. When was the Treaty of Yandaboo signed?
Answer: On 24th February 1826.
2. Which period is known as Company Raj in Assam?
Answer: The period from 1826 to 1858.
3. When was Bengali Language introduced in Assam?
Answer: In 1836 (in place of Assamese in schools, offices, and courts).
4. When was Bengali Language replaced by Assamese language?
Answer: In 1873.
5. What was the mouthpiece of Assam Chatra Sanmilan?
Answer: Milan.
6. What was the main objective of the Ryot Sabha?
Answer: To resolve the problems faced by peasants, demand a reduction of land tax (by 50%), abolish grazing taxes, and ban the migration of peasants from East Bengal.
7. When was All Assam Ryot Sabha established?
Answer: On 8th April 1933.
8. Who was the Secretary of Ahom Sabha?
Answer: The chapter highlights Padmanath Gohain Barua as the founder of the Ahom Sabha (it later became the Ahom Association).
9. When and under whose leadership was Jorhat Sarbajanik Sabha constituted?
Answer: It was founded in 1884 by Jagannath Barua, with Raja Naranarayan Simha as the founder President and Jagannath Barua as the Secretary.
10. Who were the first President and Secretary of Assam Provincial Congress Committee?
Answer: Kuladhar Chaliha (President) and Nabin Chandra Bordoloi (Secretary), elected in June 1921.
11. Who was the first formally elected president of APCC?
Answer: Bishnuram Medhi (elected in 1930).
12. Who was the first Prime Minister of Assam and when was he elected?
Answer: Lokapriya Gopinath Bordoloi, elected after the general elections in 1946.
13. On what crime Kushal Konwar was hanged?
Answer: In connection with the derailment of a military supply train at Sarupathar during the Quit India Movement.
14. When was Gauhati University established?
Answer: On 26th January 1948.
15. When was the name Assam Medical College formally introduced?
Answer: On 3rd November 1947.
SEBA Class 10 History Chapter 4 Solutions
16. When was Gauhati Medical College formally started?
Answer: On 20th September 1960.
Short Answer Type Questions
1. Write a brief note on Assamese Literary Society.
Answer: Formed in Calcutta in 1872 under the leadership of Devicharan Barua and Gangagovinda Phukan, its proclaimed objective was literary, but it also played a political role. In 1872, its members (like Jagannath Barua and Manik Chandra Baruah) submitted a memorandum to the Viceroy, Lord Northbrook, asking for the development of Assam’s natural resources and a railway link with Bengal. It remained active until 1885.
2. Give a brief trace of important nationalist rise in Jonaki Age.
Answer: The journal Jonaki (mouthpiece of ABUSS) marked the peak of Assam’s literary and cultural renaissance. Edited first by Chandrakumar Agarwala, it brought out new literary talents. Although it stayed away from active politics, its articles and poems reflected strong nationalistic views. Writers like Kanaklal Barua and Kamalakanta Bhattacharya wrote about economic self-dependence, while Lakshminath Bezbarua and Ambikagiri Raychoudhury popularized nationalistic and cultural consciousness among the people.
3. Write briefly on the political demands of Ahom Sabha.
Answer: Formed in 1893 by Padmanath Gohain Barua to revive Ahom culture and stop opium use, the Sabha was renamed the Ahom Association in 1910 and became overtly political. Its main political demands were to get recognition for the Ahoms as a minority community, secure reservation of seats in the Assembly, and demand a separate electorate for the Ahoms.
4. What were the issues raised by Assam Association before the British Government?
Answer: Formed in 1903 by Manik Chandra Baruah, the Association raised several key public issues:
- Criticized the heavy presence of government officials in Municipal Committees and tea planters in Local Boards, demanding local body democratization.
- Opposed tax enhancements and excise policies while demanding absolute opium prohibition.
- Fought for educational growth, including Assam’s representation in the Calcutta University Syndicate, Assamese teachers in Cotton College, and a local university.
- Strongly opposed the 1905 partition and combination of Assam with Eastern Bengal.
5. Mention about the Assamese leaders who had led the Non-cooperation Movement in Assam.
Answer: Prominent leaders who led the Non-Cooperation Movement included Nabin Chandra Bordoloi, Tarunram Phukan, Kuladhar Chaliha, Bishnuram Medhi, Kamini Kumar Chanda, Chandranath Sarma, Hemchandra Barua, and Omeo Kumar Das, alongside student and youth leaders who boycotted schools and courts to join Gandhi’s call.
Role of Assam in Freedom Movement Textual Questions SEBA 2026-27
6. Write about Cunningham Circular.
Answer: Issued in May 1930 by R.J. Cunningham (Director of Public Instruction), this circular forced students and their parents to sign a written bond promising that students would never take part in political activities. Violators faced heavy fines, loss of scholarships, or expulsion. Students reacted with deep anger, leading to mass school boycotts and an intensification of the Civil Disobedience Movement in Assam.
7. Write briefly about the problems faced by the Ministry of Gopinath Bordoloi after independence.
Answer: After independence in 1947, the Bordoloi Ministry faced severe issues:
- Geographical Isolation & Economic Disruption: Partition cut off direct communication links with the rest of India (leaving only a 12 km narrow strip) and disrupted trade networks with Bengal.
- Immigrants & Security: The region had to manage incoming refugees/immigrants while transforming into a strategically sensitive, borderland territory requiring infrastructure and socio-economic rebuilding.
8. Write brief history of establishment of Assam Agriculture University.
Answer: Its origins trace back to agricultural research stations set up at Karimganj (1913) and Titabar (1923). Later, the Assam Agricultural College was established at Jorhat and the Assam Veterinary College at Nagaon in 1948. Finally, in 1969, Assam Agricultural University was officially established by combining both colleges, with the veterinary college shifted to Khanapara, Guwahati.
9. Write brief history of establishment of Assam Medical College.
Answer: It originated from the Berry White School of Medicine established at Dibrugarh in 1900 using a generous donation of Rs. 50,000 from Dr. John Berry White. After World War II, it moved to a nearby US Army hospital site. Following independence, it was formally renamed the Assam Medical College on 3rd November 1947, becoming Northeast India’s first medical college.
Long Answer Type Questions
1. Discuss the role and activities of Asomiya Bhasa Unnati Sadhini Sabha.
Answer:
- Formation: Established in 1888 in Calcutta by Assamese students including Hemchandra Goswami, Lakshminath Bezbarua, Kanaklal Barua, and Chandrakumar Agarwala to protect and enrich the Assamese language against attacks from the Bengali press.
- Activities:
- Adopted a correct and standardized grammatical system for vernacular schools.
- Compiled social histories of Assam and translated important Sanskrit works into Assamese.
- Lobbied the government to publish Hemchandra Barua’s famous dictionary, Hemkosh.
- Established branches across various towns in Assam (like Tezpur, Guwahati, Dibrugarh, Jorhat, etc.).
- Published the legendary literary journal Jonaki, which revolutionized Assamese literature and cultural renaissance.
2. Write about the contribution of Assam Chatra Sanmilan.
Answer:
- Foundation: Its first session was held on 25th December 1916 at Guwahati under the presidency of Lakshminath Bezbarua and secretaryship of Chandranath Sarma.
- Objectives: To enrich the mother tongue, preserve Assamese culture, and provide an interactive platform for school and college students across Assam.
- Contribution: Although kept officially away from direct party politics, it nurtured a conscious generation of young Assamese leaders, hosted eminent scholars (like Prafulla Chandra Ray and Krishna Kanta Handique) in its annual sessions, and published the influential educational and cultural magazine Milan, deeply advancing Assam’s educational and national consciousness.
3. Give an account on the objectives and role of the Ryot Sabhas.
Answer:
- Objectives: Formed in the late 19th century (like Tezpur Ryot Sabha and Nagaon Ryot Sabha) and revived during the 1930s, their main goals were to solve peasant grievances, demand the abolition of grazing taxes, reduce land revenue by 50 percent, and stop the migration of peasants from East Bengal.
- Role: They acted as powerful peasant platforms. During the Civil Disobedience Movement, Congress leaders utilized Ryot Sabhas (especially in Sibsagar and Darrang) to mobilize farmers. The All Assam Ryot Sabha was formed in 1933 under Nabinchandra Bordoloi to unite them, organizing around 300 sabhas by 1939 before merging into Provincial Congress committees by 1940.
4. Write about the objectives and activities of Jorhat Sarbajanik Sabha.
Answer:
- Foundation & Objectives: Founded in 1884 by Jagannath Barua (with Raja Naranarayan Simha as President), its goals were to peacefully represent public aspirations to the government, explain government policies, and improve the living conditions of the public without direct confrontation.
- Key Activities:
- Strongly opposed the harsh Assam Land and Revenue Regulation Act of 1886.
- Championed the cause of ryots protesting against land revenue hikes in 1892–93.
- Submitted a memorandum to the Royal Commission on Opium in 1893 asking for the gradual abolition of opium in Assam.
- Initially opposed the 1905 Partition of Bengal, though leadership later engaged with the Chief Commissioner regarding administrative protections for Assamese jobs. It remained active until 1921.
5. Write on the contribution of Assam Association towards social reform in British ruled Assam.
Answer: Formed in 1903 by Manik Chandra Baruah, the Assam Association was the pre-eminent public forum before the rise of the Congress. Its contributions included:
- Acting as a true mouthpiece to present people’s needs, grievances, and hopes to the colonial government using constitutional methods.
- Fighting for the democratization of local bodies and reducing the overbearing influence of officials and tea planters.
- Driving campaigns against excise policies and demanding total prohibition of opium to save Assamese society from addiction.
- Promoting educational expansion by demanding Assamese representation in the Calcutta University Syndicate, pushing for local technical schools, and successfully laying the groundwork for a future university in Assam before merging into the Congress in 1921.
Assam Board HSLC Class 10 History Chapter 4 Solved Textbook Solutions PDF
6. Give brief description on the creation and the role of Assam Provincial Congress Committee.
Answer:
- Creation: Following the Nagpur Congress decision to organize states on a linguistic basis, the Assam Association voted to merge with the Indian National Congress. On 18th April 1921, at a meeting in Jorhat chaired by Chobilal Upadhyay, the Assam Provincial Congress Committee (APCC) was officially formed, with Kuladhar Chaliha as President and Nabin Chandra Bordoloi as Secretary.
- Role: The APCC spearheaded nationalist movements in Assam. It invited Mahatma Gandhi in 1921 to spread non-cooperation, successfully hosted the 41st All India Congress Committee session at Pandu in 1926, led anti-opium and Swadeshi campaigns, won the 1946 elections, and under Gopinath Bordoloi, successfully blocked Assam’s inclusion in Group C with East Bengal.
7. Give brief description on the role of Assam in Swadeshi Movement.
Answer:
- Protest Against Partition: The 1905 partition plan dropped ‘Assam’ from the new province’s name, triggering widespread anger. While moderate bodies initially hedged, leaders like Padmanath Gohain Barua and Ambikagiri Raychoudhury strongly campaigned against it.
- Swadeshi & Boycott: Towns like Guwahati, Tezpur, and Dhubri saw active boycotts of foreign goods and promotion of local muga, andi, and khadi.
- Revolutionary Zeal: Students in Guwahati worked double-weekly shifts in docks to fund the movement. Ambikagiri Raychoudhury wrote the revolutionary drama Bandini Bharat and established revolutionary networks (Sewa Sangha) alongside underground activists, facing severe police crackdowns and imprisonment.
8. Give an account on the role of Assam in Non-cooperation movement.
Answer:
- Joining Mainstream: After initial hesitation, the Assam Association voted at Tezpur (December 1920) to join the Non-Cooperation Movement under Congress guidelines.
- Gandhi’s Visit & Boycotts: Gandhi’s August 1921 visit electrified Assam. People organized huge bonfires of foreign goods. Prominent lawyers (like Tarunram Phukan and Nabin Chandra Bordoloi) left their practices, and students boycotted government schools to join newly opened national schools (like Tilak Memorial School).
- Social Impact & Labour Strikes: It achieved massive success in cutting abkari opium consumption and revenue. Furthermore, 8,000 tea garden labourers in the Chargola and Longai valleys staged a historic exodus shouting “Gandhi Maharaj Ki Jai” against colonial wage exploitation.
9. Give an account on the role of Assam in Civil Disobedience Movement.
Answer:
- Initial Launch: In 1930, leaders like Bishnuram Medhi, M. Tayebullah, and Ambikagiri Raychoudhury organized solidarity rallies at Judges’ Field, Guwahati, while Leeladhar Barua participated in the Dandi March.
- The Cunningham Circular Spark: When student response was initially low, the infamous Cunningham Circular (May 1930) banned student political participation under threat of expulsion. This outraged students, causing thousands to leave schools, picket liquor and opium shops, and join the movement.
- Peasant Participation: Peasants actively joined by demanding a 50 percent reduction in land revenue through reorganized Ryot Sabhas.
10. Write about the Quit India Movement in Assam.
Answer:
- Shift to Rebellion: Following the AICC August 1942 resolution, major leaders were jailed, turning Assam’s movement into a fierce popular uprising characterized by attacks on government buildings and railway sabotage (e.g., at Sarupathar and Rangiya).
- Supreme Sacrifices: Assam witnessed brutal police firings at Dhekiyajuli and Gohpur, where 14-year-old Kanaklata Barua was shot dead holding the national flag. Kushal Konwar was hanged at Sarupathar for train derailment sabotage—becoming the only martyr to be hanged in India during this movement.
- Underground Resistance: Leaders operating from secret camps (such as Jyotiprasad Agarwala and Mahendra Nath Hazarika) ran parallel village panchayats and no-revenue campaigns in areas like Bajali and Raha.
Class 10 History Chapter 4 Question Answer Assam Board
11. Give a brief description about the institutions established in Assam under the leadership of Bordoloi Ministry.
Answer: Under the post-independence leadership of Lokapriya Gopinath Bordoloi’s ministry, vital educational and healthcare institutions were founded to build regional infrastructure:
- Gauhati University (1948): Established on 26th January 1948 as the first public university in Northeast India, starting with 17 affiliated colleges and later moving to its permanent campus at Gopinath Bordoloi Nagar, Jalukbari.
- Assam Medical College, Dibrugarh (1947): Evolving from the older Berry White School of Medicine, it was formally dedicated as a full-fledged medical college on 3rd November 1947 to meet regional healthcare and medical training needs.
- Agricultural & Veterinary Foundations: Laid the foundational groundwork through agricultural colleges (which later evolved into Assam Agricultural University in 1969) to strengthen the agrarian economy.
🇮🇳 HSLC Class 10 Social Science Solutions Notice: This page features the complete SEBA Class 10 Social Science (History Section) Chapter 4: Indian National Movement and National Awakening in Assam (Role of Assam in Freedom Movement) Official Textual Questions and Answers updated for the 2026–27 academic session. Formatted according to the strict Assam Board evaluation criteria, every milestone—from early literary and socio-political awakening through the Assam Association, the massive anti-opium and boycott agitation during Non-Cooperation, the fiery 1942 Quit India sacrifices of the Mrityu Bahini, to Lokapriya Gopinath Bordoloi’s historic political crusade against the Cabinet Mission’s Grouping Scheme—is answered with structured subheadings, accurate dates, and point-wise layouts to help you secure full marks in your 2-mark, 3-mark, and 5-mark board exam questions.
💡 Master SEBA Class 10 Assam History Textual Solutions:
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