Looking for complete, textbook-verified solutions for SEBA Class 10 Social Science History Chapter 2 (Rise of Gandhi Era and His Role in Freedom Movement / মহাত্মা গান্ধী আৰু ভাৰতৰ স্বাধীনতা সংগ্ৰাম) for the 2026–27 academic session? Access step-by-step solutions to all textbook questions—including Very Short Answer (VSA), Short Answer (SA), and Long Answer (LA) questions. Master detailed, high-scoring answers covering Mahatma Gandhi’s early satyagraha experiments in South Africa and India (Champaran, Kheda, Ahmedabad Mill Strike), the Rowlatt Act and the Jallianwala Bagh massacre (1919), the Khilafat Movement and the launch of the Non-Cooperation Movement, the Chauri Chaura incident (1922), the Simon Commission protests, the Historic Dandi March and Civil Disobedience Movement (1930), the Gandhi-Irwin Pact and Round Table Conferences, the Poona Pact, the Quit India Movement (1942) with the “Do or Die” call, the Indian National Army (INA) under Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose, the Cabinet Mission, the partition of India under the Mountbatten Plan, and structured model answers designed strictly according to the Assam Board (SEBA) HSLC curriculum.
1. When was Mahatma Gandhi born?
Answer: Mahatma Gandhi was born on October 2, 1869, at Porbandar in Gujarat.
2. In which country did Gandhi first apply the technique of Satyagraha?
Answer: Gandhi first applied the technique of Satyagraha in South Africa during his struggle against racial discrimination and unjust laws imposed on Indian residents.
3. Why did Rabindranath Tagore renounce his Knighthood?
Answer: Rabindranath Tagore renounced his Knighthood as a strong protest against the brutal Jallianwala Bagh Massacre (April 13, 1919), where British troops mercilessly fired upon an unarmed, peaceful gathering in Amritsar.
4. Under whose leadership was the Khilafat movement started in India?
Answer: The Khilafat movement was started under the leadership of Maulana Shaukat Ali and Mohammad Ali (along with the support of Mahatma Gandhi).
5. When did the Chauri-Chaura incident take place?
Answer: The Chauri-Chaura incident took place on February 5, 1922, in the Gorakhpur district of the United Province, where a violent mob set fire to a police station, resulting in the deaths of 22 policemen.
SEBA Class 10 History Chapter 2 Solutions
6. Under what circumstances did Lala Lajpat Rai lose his life?
Answer: Lala Lajpat Rai lost his life after being severely injured in a brutal police lathi-charge while leading a peaceful protest procession against the arrival of the all-White Simon Commission in Lahore in 1928.
7. When and in which session of the Indian National Congress was Purna Swaraj declared to be the chief goal of the Indians?
Answer: Purna Swaraj (Complete Independence) was declared as the chief goal at the Lahore Session of the Indian National Congress in December 1929.
8. Gandhi started on his Salt March from Sabarmati Ashram to the sea coast at Dandi. What was the distance between Sabarmati Ashram and the sea-coast at Dandi?
Answer: The total distance between Sabarmati Ashram and the sea-coast at Dandi was 385 km (which Gandhi and his followers covered on foot in twenty-five days).
9. Who was known as Frontier Gandhi?
Answer: Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan (leader of the Khudai Khitmadgars or Red Shirts in the North-West Frontier Province) was popularly known as “Frontier Gandhi”.
10. Who was the sole Congress representative at the Second Round Table Conference in London?
Answer: Mahatma Gandhi participated as the sole representative of the Indian National Congress at the Second Round Table Conference in 1931.
11. Name the British Prime Minister who announced the Communal Award in 1932.
Answer: British Prime Minister Ramsay Macdonald announced the Communal Award in August 1932.
12. During the course of which movement did Gandhi give the slogan “Do or Die”?
Answer: Gandhi gave the famous slogan “Do or Die” (Karo ya Maro) during the Quit India Movement in August 1942.
13. Who was the founder of the Azad Hind Fauz?
Answer: The idea of the Indian National Army (Azad Hind Fauz) was first conceived by Captain Mohan Singh, and it was later revived and organized by Rash Behari Bose and Subhas Chandra Bose.
14. “Give me blood and I shall give you freedom”. This famous quote is attributed to which Indian leader?
Answer: This famous quote is attributed to Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose.
15. What is the name of the International Boundary Line between India and Pakistan?
Answer: The international boundary line between India and Pakistan is known as the Radcliffe Line (accepted on August 17, 1947).
Rise of Gandhi and His Role in Freedom Movement Textual Questions SEBA 2026-27
Long Answers
1. What do you understand by the term Satyagraha? Briefly write about the three local disputes where Gandhi first applied the technique of Satyagraha in India.
Answer:
The word Satyagraha is a compound of Satya (truth) and agraha (adherence/holding fast), meaning “holding on to truth”. Gandhi explained that it was not mere passive resistance, but intense political activity by large masses grounded strictly in Ahimsa (non-violence) and Satya (truth).
Three Local Disputes (1917–18):
Champaran (North Bihar, 1917): Gandhi took up the cause of local peasants who were forced by European landlords to cultivate indigo under oppressive conditions. Through Satyagraha, he successfully secured relief for them.
Kheda (Gujarat, 1918): He led the farmers’ struggle against the collection of high land-revenue by the government despite severe crop failures.
Ahmedabad (1918): He successfully intervened on behalf of mill-workers against mill owners demanding fair wages and better working conditions.
Significance: These successful movements established mass participation as a powerful political tool and recognized Gandhi as a major national leader.
2. Why was the Khilafat movement started in India?
Answer:
- Defeat of Turkey: During the First World War, Turkey (the seat of the Ottoman Empire) was defeated, and the powers and influence of the Sultan of Turkey—regarded by Muslims worldwide as their spiritual head or Khalifa—were drastically reduced.
- Apprehension over Holy Places: Indian Muslims became deeply upset and apprehensive that the Khalifa would lose control over the holy places of Islam.
- Formation of the Committee: Led by Maulana Shaukat Ali and Mohammad Ali, Indian Muslims formed the Khilafat Committee to pressure the British government into restoring the Sultan’s status as Caliph. Recognizing this as a historic opportunity to unite Hindus and Muslims, Mahatma Gandhi extended full support and merged it with the Non-Cooperation Movement.
3. Why did Mahatma Gandhi launch the Non-cooperation movement of 1920–22? What were its programmes? What made Gandhi suspend the movement?
Answer:
- Causes: Post-war economic hardships, severe taxation, high inflation, oppressive legislation like the Rowlatt Act, the horrific Jallianwala Bagh Massacre (1919), and the Khilafat grievance pushed national leaders to launch the Non-Cooperation Movement.
- Programmes:
- Positive Aspects: Promotion of Swadeshi (especially hand-spinning with Charkhas), removal of untouchability, Hindu-Muslim unity, prohibition of alcohol, and raising the Tilak Swarajya Fund.
- Negative Aspects (Triple Boycott): Boycott of government-run schools and colleges, law courts, and legislative councils, along with the surrender of official titles and honors.
- Suspension: On February 5, 1922, a violent mob at Chauri Chaura (Gorakhpur) attacked a police station and set it on fire, killing 22 policemen. Shocked by this outbreak of violence, Gandhi called the movement a “Himalayan blunder,” immediately suspended it, and undertook a three-week fast.
Class 10 History Chapter 2 Question Answer Assam Board
4. What was the main aim of the Civil Disobedience Movement? What were the main features of the movement?
Answer:
- Main Aim: The primary aim was to achieve Purna Swaraj (Complete Independence) and challenge unjust British laws, beginning with Gandhi’s famous 11-point demand which included the abolition of the salt tax, reduction of land revenue, and release of political prisoners.
- Main Features:
- The Salt Satyagraha (Dandi March): The movement commenced on March 12, 1930, when Gandhi marched 385 km from Sabarmati Ashram to Dandi and broke the Salt Law on April 6, 1930.
- Mass Participation: Millions across India—including women, students, and peasants—actively defied British laws, boycotted foreign goods, and withheld taxes.
- Regional Movements: Prominent leaders like Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan led the Khudai Khitmadgars (Red Shirts) in the North-West Frontier Province.
- Repression and Pacts: The government responded with brutal lathi-charges and mass arrests. It temporarily paused after the Gandhi-Irwin Pact (1931), resumed in 1932, and was finally withdrawn in May 1934.
5. Under what circumstances was the Quit India movement launched? Do you consider the movement to be a milestone in India’s struggle for independence? Give reasons in support of your answer.
Answer:
- Circumstances: The failure of the Cripps Mission (1942)—which offered only vague post-war dominion status without immediate power transfer—widespread economic distress during WWII, the growing threat of a Japanese invasion, and the realization that the British could no longer protect India led to the launch of the movement.
- Milestone Status: Yes, it was a major milestone for several reasons:
- Mass Uprising: Passed by the All India Congress Committee on August 8, 1942, in Bombay, it was an unprecedented mass movement inspired by Gandhi’s slogan “Do or Die”.
- Defiance of Authority: Despite the immediate arrest of top leaders, common people attacked symbols of British rule and established parallel independent governments in regions like Ballia, Satara, and Tamluk.
- Point of No Return: It proved that the Indian masses were completely unstoppable, placing immediate independence on the national agenda and reducing future negotiations with the British solely to the transfer of power.
Assam Board HSLC Class 10 History Chapter 2 Solved Textbook Solutions PDF
6. Write a brief note on the Indian National Army.
Answer:
The concept of the Indian National Army (INA), or Azad Hind Fauz, was originally conceived by Captain Mohan Singh utilizing Indian prisoners of war in Malaya. It was later formally revived in 1943 by Subhas Chandra Bose with the essential assistance of Rash Behari Bose in Singapore. Under this leadership, Subhas Chandra Bose formed the “Provisional Government of Free India” (Azad Hind Sarkar) on October 21, 1943. To strengthen the movement, the army recruited enthusiastic civilian volunteers, successfully raised funds, and even established a dedicated women’s regiment named the Rani Jhansi Regiment.
Armed with the inspiring greeting “Jai Hind” and Netaji’s fiery slogan, “Give me blood and I shall give you freedom”, the INA fought shoulder-to-shoulder with Japanese forces against the British in the fierce campaigns of Burma, Imphal, and Kohima. Although the army ultimately had to surrender following Japan’s defeat in the Second World War, the INA left behind an extraordinary legacy of supreme patriotism. Its heroic efforts deeply inspired anti-colonial sentiment across the Indian armed forces and the general public, dealing a massive final blow to British rule.
🇮🇳 HSLC Class 10 Social Science Solutions Notice: This page features the complete SEBA Class 10 Social Science (History Section) Chapter 2: Rise of Gandhi Era and His Role in Freedom Movement Official Textual Questions and Answers updated for the 2026–27 academic session. Structured in strict accordance with the Assam Board evaluation marking scheme, every national mass movement—from the emergence of Satyagraha and Ahimsa to the nationwide Non-Cooperation movement, the Salt Satyagraha, the Quit India resolution, and the ultimate dawn of Indian independence—is presented with chronological accuracy, clear subheadings, and point-wise clarity to help you score maximum marks in your 2-mark, 3-mark, and 5-mark board exam questions.
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