Short Answer Questions

1. What is the Internet?
Ans:- The Internet is a global network that connects millions of computers to share information and communicate.

2. What is a network topology?
Ans:- Network topology is the layout or pattern in which computers and devices are connected in a network.

3. Name any two types of network topologies.
Ans:- Star topology and Ring topology.

4. What is the difference between the Internet and the WWW?
Ans:- The Internet is the physical network of computers, while the WWW is a service on the Internet that contains web pages and websites.

5. What is the full form of ISP?
Ans:- Internet Service Provider.

6. Define a web browser. Give one example.
Ans:- A web browser is a software used to open and view websites. Example: Google Chrome.

7. What is a web page?
Ans:- A web page is a single document on the Internet that can show text, images, or videos.

8. What is the full form of URL?
Ans:- Uniform Resource Locator.

9. Name any two popular web browsers.
Ans:- Mozilla Firefox and Microsoft Edge.

10. What is a search engine? Give an example.
Ans:- A search engine is a tool that helps find information on the Internet. Example: Bing.

11. Name any two types of Internet connections.
Ans:- Broadband and Mobile Data.

12. What is the function of a modem?
Ans:- A modem changes digital signals to analog and back so computers can connect to the Internet.

13. What is an IP address?
Ans:- An IP address is a unique number given to each device on a network to identify it.

14. Name two components of an email address.
Ans:- Username and Domain name.

15. What is the use of the CC field in an email?
Ans:- The CC field is used to send a copy of the email to another person.

16. What is a client-server model?
Ans:- It is a system where the client requests services, and the server provides them.

17. What is a hyperlink?
Ans:- A hyperlink is a clickable text or image that takes you to another page or website.

18. Mention one difference between a website and a web page.
Ans:- A website is a collection of web pages, while a web page is a single document.

19. What is cloud computing?
Ans:- Cloud computing is using online servers to store and access data instead of your own computer.

20. Give one example of an email service provider.
Ans:- Gmail.

21. What is an ISP? Give two examples.
Ans:- An ISP is a company that gives you access to the Internet. Examples: Airtel and Jio.

22. Name any two advantages of using the Internet.
Ans:- Easy communication and fast access to information.

23. What do you mean by bandwidth?
Ans:- Bandwidth is the amount of data that can be sent or received in a second.

24. What is the purpose of DNS (Domain Name System)?
Ans:- DNS changes website names into IP addresses so computers can understand them.

25. Give one use of the Internet in the field of education.
Ans:- Students can attend online classes and access study material.

26. Name two components of the World Wide Web.
Ans:- Web servers and web browsers.

27. What does HTTP stand for?
Ans:- HyperText Transfer Protocol.

28. What is a homepage?
Ans:- A homepage is the first page of a website.

29. What is the function of a web server?
Ans:- A web server stores websites and sends them to browsers when asked.

30. What is downloading?
Ans:- Downloading means copying files from the Internet to your device.

31. What is uploading?
Ans:- Uploading means sending files from your device to the Internet.

32. What is phishing in the context of the Internet?
Ans:- Phishing is a trick where fake messages are used to steal your personal information.

33. Name any two services provided by the Internet.
Ans:- Email and online shopping.

34. What is an email attachment?
Ans:- An email attachment is a file sent along with an email message.

35. What is the use of the BCC field in an email?
Ans:- BCC hides the email addresses of the people you send a copy to.

36. Define the term hyperlink with an example.
Ans:- A hyperlink is a clickable link. Example: Clicking on “[www.example.com](http://www.example.com)” opens a website.

37. What is a domain name? Give one example.
Ans:- A domain name is the name of a website. Example: google.com

38. Name any two email protocols.
Ans:- POP and SMTP.

39. What is spam email?
Ans:- Spam email is unwanted or junk mail usually sent in bulk.

40. What is netiquette?
Ans:- Netiquette is the correct and polite way of using the Internet.

Long Answer Questions

1. Explain the structure of the Internet. Include terms like client-server model, routers, and IP addresses.
Ans:- The Internet is made up of many connected devices like computers, servers, and routers. It follows the client-server model, where a client (like a web browser) sends a request to the server, and the server responds with the data. Routers help move this data between networks by choosing the best path. Every device on the Internet has an IP address, which is a unique number used to find and talk to other devices.

2. Differentiate between the Internet and the World Wide Web (WWW).
Ans:- The Internet is the physical network of wires, routers, and computers. It connects millions of devices worldwide. The World Wide Web (WWW) is a service on the Internet that contains websites and web pages. The Internet lets us use many services like email and file sharing, while WWW is mainly for browsing web content.

3. Describe any four types of Internet connection methods with examples.
Ans:-

Broadband: A high-speed wired connection, like with BSNL or Airtel.
Wi-Fi: Wireless Internet from a modem or hotspot, commonly used at homes.
Mobile Data: Uses mobile networks (3G/4G/5G) for Internet on phones, like with Jio.
DSL: Uses telephone lines for data, slower than broadband, mostly in rural areas.

4. What is a web browser? Name four web browsers and describe any two of them.
Ans:- A web browser is a program used to open websites and view web pages.
Four browsers are: Chrome, Firefox, Safari, and Edge.

Google Chrome: Fast and popular, made by Google. It supports extensions and syncs with Google account.
Mozilla Firefox: Known for privacy and open-source nature. It blocks trackers and loads fast.

5. What is a website? How is it different from a web page? Give examples.
Ans:- A website is a group of related web pages under one domain. A web page is a single document on a website.
Example: [www.wikipedia.org](http://www.wikipedia.org) is a website. Its “History” or “Science” pages are web pages.

6. Define URL. Explain its components with an example.
Ans:- URL stands for Uniform Resource Locator. It is the address used to access a web page.
Example: `https://www.example.com/page1.html`

`https` is the protocol,
`www.example.com` is the domain name,
`/page1.html` is the specific page.

7. What is a search engine? Explain how it helps in finding information on the Internet.
Ans:- A search engine is a tool that finds information on the Internet based on keywords. You type a question or word, and it shows a list of web pages.
Example: Google shows results by matching words, using bots that scan and index websites.

8. Describe the client-server model with the help of a diagram.
Ans:- In the client-server model, the client sends a request, and the server gives a response. For example, when you search in a browser, your computer (client) sends a request to a server, which replies with a web page.
(Diagram: Simple flow with arrows: Client → Request → Server → Response → Client)

9. What is email? Explain the structure of an email address with an example.
Ans:- Email is a service that lets people send messages through the Internet.
An email address has two parts:
Example: `student123@gmail.com`

`student123` is the username,
`gmail.com` is the domain name.

10. Write the steps involved in sending an email.
Ans:-

11. Open an email service like Gmail.

12. Click on “Compose”.

13. Type the receiver’s email in the “To” field.

14. Add a subject.

15. Write your message in the body.

16. Attach files if needed.

17. Click “Send”.

18. Explain the different parts of an email window (To, CC, BCC, Subject, Body, Attachments).
Ans:-

To: Main receiver of the email.
CC (Carbon Copy): Others who should get a copy.
BCC (Blind Carbon Copy): Others who get a hidden copy.
Subject: Short title of the email.
Body: The main message.
Attachments: Files sent with the message.

12. What are network topologies? Describe star, bus, and ring topologies with diagrams.
Ans:- Network topology is the arrangement of how devices are connected in a network.

Star Topology: All devices connect to a central hub.
Bus Topology: All devices share a single wire.
Ring Topology: Devices are connected in a circle.
(Diagrams: Simple illustrations showing device connection patterns.)

13. Discuss the history and evolution of the Internet.
Ans:- The Internet began in the 1960s with ARPANET, a project by the U.S. defense. In the 1980s, it grew into a public tool. The World Wide Web came in 1991. Today, it connects billions of people worldwide for communication, learning, and business.

14. What is cloud computing? Explain its uses and advantages.
Ans:- Cloud computing means storing and accessing data on the Internet instead of your own computer.
Uses: Online storage (Google Drive), running software online, accessing data from anywhere.
Advantages: Saves space, easy to use, can be used from any device.

15. Differentiate between LAN, MAN, and WAN with examples.
Ans:-

LAN (Local Area Network): Small area like school or office. Example: Computer lab.
MAN (Metropolitan Area Network): Covers a city. Example: Cable TV network.
WAN (Wide Area Network): Covers large areas, even countries. Example: Internet.

16. Explain the working of the Domain Name System (DNS) with a suitable example.
Ans:- DNS stands for Domain Name System. It works like a phonebook of the Internet. When you type a website name like `www.google.com`, the DNS changes it into an IP address like `142.250.192.78`, so that your browser can find and connect to it. This process is fast and happens every time you open a website.

17. Describe the structure and features of a web page. How is it accessed using a browser?
Ans:- A web page is made using HTML. It has a title, headings, text, images, and links. Some pages also have videos, forms, and buttons. A browser like Chrome or Firefox opens the web page when you type its URL. The browser sends a request to the web server and shows the page on your screen.

18. What are the advantages and disadvantages of using email communication?
Ans:-
Advantages:

Fast and free way to send messages
Can send files, images, and documents
Can send one message to many people

Disadvantages:

Needs Internet to use
Can receive spam or junk emails
Risk of phishing or scams

19. Discuss the major applications of the Internet in various fields such as education, business, and communication.
Ans:-

Education: Students can attend online classes, use e-books, and search for study material.
Business: Online shopping, digital payments, and marketing help businesses grow.
Communication: People talk using email, video calls, and messaging apps like WhatsApp and Zoom.

20. Explain the concept of web hosting and domain names in website creation.
Ans:-

Web Hosting: It is a service that stores website files and makes them available on the Internet.
Domain Name: It is the name of your website like `www.myshop.com`.
To make a website, you need both a domain name and hosting to show your content to users.

21. What is phishing? Explain different methods used in phishing attacks and how to prevent them.
Ans:- Phishing is a trick used by cybercriminals to steal personal information.
Methods:

Fake emails that look like banks or companies
Fake websites asking for passwords
Messages with harmful links

Prevention:

Do not click unknown links
Use strong passwords
Check email sender before trusting
Use antivirus software

22. Discuss the different components of a URL. Give an example and explain each part.
Ans:- URL stands for Uniform Resource Locator.
Example: `https://www.school.com/books.html`

`https`: Protocol used to access the site
`www.school.com`: Domain name (name of the website)
`/books.html`: Specific page or file on the website

23. What is cloud computing?
Ans:- Cloud computing means using Internet-based services to store data and use software. Instead of saving files on your computer, you can use services like Google Drive. You can open your files from any device with the Internet. It is useful for saving space, sharing files, and working from anywhere.

24. Compare HTTP and HTTPS. Why is HTTPS preferred for secure transactions?
Ans:-

HTTP stands for Hypertext Transfer Protocol. It sends data without encryption.
HTTPS is the secure version with encryption (S = Secure).

HTTPS is better for online shopping, banking, and login pages because it protects user data from hackers.

25. Write a detailed note on network protocols such as TCP/IP, FTP, and SMTP.
Ans:-

TCP/IP: This is the main protocol for the Internet. It breaks data into packets and sends them to the right address.
FTP (File Transfer Protocol): Used to upload or download files from a server.
SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol): Helps in sending emails from one server to another.

26. What is bandwidth? How does it affect Internet speed and data transfer?
Ans:- Bandwidth is the amount of data that can be sent through an Internet connection in one second. It is measured in Mbps (Megabits per second). Higher bandwidth means faster speed. If many people use the same bandwidth, the speed may become slow.

27. What are cookies on the Internet? Discuss their advantages and privacy concerns.
Ans:- Cookies are small files stored by websites on your computer. They help the website remember your preferences and login info.
Advantages:

Faster browsing
Save login details
Personalized content

Privacy Concerns:

Some cookies track your activity
Data may be shared with advertisers
Can be misused without your permission