SEBA Class 9 Advanced Geography Chapter 3 Population Growth and Distribution Important Extra Questions and Answers Solutions (New Syllabus 2026–27)

Looking for crucial SEBA Class 9 Advanced Geography Chapter 3 (Population Growth and Distribution) extra questions and answers for the 2026–27 academic session? Access additional high-yield questions covering population growth trends, birth rate, death rate, natural growth, physical and socio-economic factors influencing spatial distribution, overpopulation vs. underpopulation concepts, short notes, and board exam solutions strictly designed according to the revised Assam Board (SEBA) curriculum to score top marks.

1. Very Short Answer Type Questions (12 Questions — 1 Mark Each)

Q1: What was the estimated population of the world around 8000 B.C. when agriculture began?

Ans: About 8 million.

Q2: In which year did the world population first cross the 1 billion mark?

Ans: In the year 1808 (first decade of the 19th century).

Q3: On which exact date did the world population reach 700 crores (7 billion) according to the United Nations?

Ans: October 31, 2011.

Q4: Which continent has the highest density of population?

Ans: Asia (93 persons per sq. km).

Q5: Which continent has the lowest density of population?

Ans: Oceania (4 persons per sq. km).

Q6: What percentage of the total world population lives in the Northern Hemisphere?

Ans: About 90 per cent.

Q7: Define density of population.

Ans: Density of population is the resultant value obtained by dividing the total population of a region by its total area (number of persons living per sq. km area).

Q8: Which country in the world has the highest density of population among the top ten most populous countries?

Ans: Bangladesh (1,046 persons per sq. km).

Q9: What is internal or intranational migration?

Ans: Internal migration is the movement of people from one place to another within the borders of the same country.

Q10: What is the difference between emigration and immigration?

Ans: When migrants leave their own country to go abroad, it is called emigration; when migrants enter a new country to settle there, it is called immigration.

SEBA Class 9 Advanced Geography Chapter 3 Extra Questions

Q11: Who identified the push and pull factors of human migration as negative and positive factors?

Ans: Everet Lee.

Q12: In which year was the country of Israel created?

Ans: In 1948.

2. Short Answer Type Questions (10 Questions — 2 Marks Each)

Q1: What is meant by “Population Explosion”?

Ans: The sudden and extremely rapid growth of the world’s population, especially between 1950 and 2000 when population grew from 250 crores to 600 crores (an increase of 350 crores in just 50 years), is known as population explosion.

Q2: Mention two main reasons why the world’s population remained very small during early human history.

Ans:

  1. Frequently occurring famines.
  2. Severe epidemics and lack of capability or medical facilities to control large-scale deaths.

Q3: State two physical factors that influence the distribution of human population.

Ans:

  1. Climate: Extreme cold, heat, or dry conditions reduce human settlement.
  2. Topography: Fertile plains attract high population, while rugged mountains remain thinly populated.

Q4: Why do riverine plains have a high density of population?

Ans: Riverine plains have fertile soil suitable for agriculture, flat land easy for construction, and well-developed transport systems, attracting heavy human settlement.

Q5: Name four major densely populated regions of the world.

Ans:

  1. East Asia
  2. South Asia
  3. Western Europe
  4. North-Eastern coastal plains of USA

Q6: Name four major thinly populated regions of the world.

Ans:

  1. Cold Tundra regions of North America and Europe
  2. Hot deserts like Sahara, Kalahari, Gobi, and Thar
  3. High-rainfall equatorial forest regions
  4. High mountain ranges like Himalayas, Rockies, and Andes

Q7: What is human migration? Mention its two main territorial types.

Ans: Human migration is the movement of a person or group of people to a new place by leaving their residence for a long period of time. Its two types are:

  1. Internal (Intranational) migration
  2. External (International) migration

Q8: Mention four directions in which internal migration takes place within a country.

Ans:

  1. Village to Town
  2. Town to Village
  3. Town to Town
  4. Village to Village

Q9: Differentiate between Push Factors and Pull Factors of migration.

Ans:

Q10: What impact has Bangladeshi immigration had on Assam?

Ans: Continuous immigration from Bangladesh has significantly increased the overall population of Assam and brought marked changes in its religious and linguistic composition.

Class 9 Advanced Geography Chapter 3 Important Questions SEBA 2026-27

3. Medium Answer Type Questions (10 Questions — 3 Marks Each)

Q1: Discuss the three major factors that enabled rapid population growth from the middle of the 20th century.

Ans:

  1. Certainty in Food Supply: Permanency and modernization in agriculture made food readily available.
  2. Advancement in Medical Science: Discovery of medicines and vaccines controlled fatal epidemics and reduced death rates.
  3. Rise in Standard of Living: Better living conditions, clean water, and sanitation increased life expectancy.

Q2: Compare the population growth trends between developed and developing countries during 1750–1950 and 1950–1970.

Ans:

  1. 1750–1950: Developed countries had a higher annual growth rate (0.8%) compared to developing countries (0.5%).
  2. 1950–1970: The trend reversed dramatically. Developed countries dropped to a 1.1% growth rate, while developing countries spiked to 2.2%.
  3. Reason: High birth rates persisted in developing countries while modern health facilities reduced death rates rapidly.

Q3: Explain how soil quality and mineral resources influence population distribution.

Ans:

  1. Soil Quality: Fertile river soils support high agricultural production, attracting large populations (e.g., Gangetic plains of India and eastern China).
  2. Mineral Resources: Availability of minerals creates industries, job opportunities, and urban setups, drawing people to settle there.
  3. Example: The mineral-rich Chhotanagpur plateau region in India has seen a significant increase in population density due to mining and heavy industry.

Q4: Explain why population growth differs between Asia and North America.

Ans:

  1. Asia: The population increase (from 502 million in 1750 to 3,680 million in 2000) is mainly driven by high birth rates.
  2. North America: The growth (from 2 million in 1750 to 316 million in 2000) was primarily caused by large-scale immigration from Europe and other regions.
  3. Thus, natural increase drives Asia’s growth, whereas international migration drives North America’s growth.

Q5: Describe the socio-economic factors influencing human population distribution.

Ans:

  1. Employment & Facilities: Developed regions offer job opportunities, trade, and better infrastructure, attracting migrants.
  2. Urbanization & Technology: Rapid industrial growth and modern technologies increase the carrying capacity of an area, leading to population concentration.
  3. Socio-economic Backwardness: In some backward rural areas, high birth rates due to lack of education also result in rapid population growth and high density (e.g., Bangladesh).

Q6: List three Push factors and three Pull factors of human migration.

Ans:

Q7: Write a short note on the European international migration during the 17th to mid-19th centuries.

Ans:

  1. Between the 17th and mid-19th centuries, over 10 crore Europeans migrated to various thinly populated regions of the world.
  2. They settled in North America, South America, Asia, Africa, Australia, and New Zealand to establish colonies.
  3. It is recognized as the largest human migration in world history, permanently altering the demographic makeup of the Americas and Oceania.

Q8: Briefly describe refugee migrations caused by socio-political events in Asia.

Ans:

  1. Partition of India (1947): About 15–20 million people moved between India and Pakistan as refugees during independence.
  2. Creation of Israel (1948): Around 2 million Palestinians were displaced and moved to nearby Arab nations as refugees.
  3. Tibetan Crisis: Chinese aggression in Tibet during the mid-20th century led to the displacement of several lakh Tibetans who took refuge in India.

Q9: Give an overview of the world population distribution according to economic status.

Ans:

  1. Developed Countries: Only 18.4% of the world’s population lives in developed nations such as the USA, Canada, and Australia.
  2. Developing Countries: The remaining 81.6% of the world population lives in developing countries like China, India, and Bangladesh.
  3. Concentration: China holds about 20% and India holds about 17% of the global population, meaning nearly 37% of humanity resides in just two developing countries.

Q10: Why are desert regions and polar regions sparsely populated?

Ans:

  1. Extreme Climate: Hot deserts (Sahara, Thar) have extreme heat and severe water shortages; cold polar regions (Tundra) have permanently frozen ground and extreme cold.
  2. Unsuitable for Agriculture: Crop cultivation is nearly impossible due to harsh temperatures and poor soil.
  3. Lack of Infrastructure: Poor transport systems and lack of basic amenities make long-term human habitation difficult.

Population Growth and Distribution Class 9 SEBA Chapter 3 Extra Question Answer

4. Long Answer Type Questions (5 Questions — 5 Marks Each)

Q1: Describe the historical trend of world population growth from 8000 B.C. to the present day.

Ans:

  1. Early History (8000 B.C. to 1 A.D.): Around 8000 B.C., the world population was only about 8 million. With the beginning of settled agriculture, population gradually grew to 200 million by 1 A.D..
  2. Pre-Industrial Era (1 A.D. to 1800 A.D.): Growth remained extremely slow due to widespread famines and epidemics. By 1808, world population touched the 1 billion (1000 million) mark.
  3. Modern Accelerating Trend (1800 to 1950): Industrial growth and better food distribution raised the world population to 2.5 billion (250 crores) by 1950.
  4. Population Explosion (1950 to 2000): Medical advancements, vaccine developments, and sanitary improvements caused death rates to plunge. Population surged by 3.5 billion in just 50 years, reaching 6 billion (600 crores) in 2000.
  5. Recent Status: On October 31, 2011, the global population officially touched 7 billion (700 crores).

Q2: Explain in detail five major factors influencing the uneven distribution of population on the Earth.

Ans:

  1. Climate: Favorable temperature and adequate rainfall in tropical monsoon regions (South/East Asia) support dense farming and human settlements. Extreme cold (Tundra) or severe drought (Sahara) result in negligible population.
  2. Topography & Relief: River plains and coastal lowlands (e.g., Gangetic Plain) have high density due to agricultural suitability and easy transport network. Undulating mountain regions (e.g., Arunachal Pradesh, Himalayas) remain sparsely populated.
  3. Soil Quality: Rich, fertile alluvial soil encourages high agricultural yield and attracts population. Fertile river basins in northern India and eastern China are among the most densely populated areas globally.
  4. Mineral & Power Resources: Industrialization driven by minerals draws labor forces. For example, the Chhotanagpur region of India has high population density owing to rich mineral deposits.
  5. Transport & Socio-Economic Development: Places with modern transport networks, educational centers, healthcare, and employment hubs attract migrants, increasing local population density.

Q3: What is human migration? Explain its various types based on distance, time, reasons, and boundary lines.

Ans: Human migration is the movement of individuals or groups from their native residence to settle in a new location for a long period. It is classified into several types:

1. Based on Distance:

  1. Short-distance migration (moving to a nearby village or town).

2. Long-distance migration (moving across states or continents).

2. Based on Duration:

  1. Temporary/Seasonal migration (moving during specific work seasons).

2. Long-term or Permanent migration (settling permanently in a new location).

3. Based on Boundary (Political divisions):

  1. Internal (Intranational) Migration: Movement within the same country (e.g., village to town, town to town).

2.nternational (External) Migration: Movement from one country to another country (involves Emigration and Immigration).

4.Based on Reasons:

  1. Economic Migration: Moving for jobs, higher wages, or trade.

2.Social/Political Migration: Moving due to marriage, education, war, or political persecution.

Q4: Compare the continent-wise distribution and density of world population based on 2010 estimates.

Ans:

Asia: Most populous continent with 4,252 million people (61% of global total) and the highest density of 93 persons per sq. km.

Africa: Second most populous with 1,022 million people (14.7% of total) and a population density of 34 persons per sq. km.

Europe: Holds 732 million people (10.5% of total) with a relatively high density of 74 persons per sq. km.

Latin America (Central & South America): Holds 580 million people (8.3% of total) with a density of 28 persons per sq. km.

North America: Holds 351 million people (5% of total) with a low density of 17 persons per sq. km.

Oceania (Australia, NZ, Pacific Islands): Least populous continent with 36 million people (0.5% of total) and the lowest density of just 4 persons per sq. km.

SEBA Class 9 Elective Geography Chapter 3 Important Notes

Q5: Discuss international migration in detail, providing major historical examples and their socio-economic impacts.

Ans:

  1. European Colonial Expansion: Over 10 crore Europeans migrated to North America, South America, Asia, Africa, and Australia between the 17th and 19th centuries to build colonies.
  2. Labor Movement: Millions of workers from Asian and African colonies were moved to plantations and construction sites in the USA and South-East Asia.
  3. War & Refugee Crisis: World Wars I & II forced millions of Europeans to relocate. The 1947 Partition of India displaced 15–20 million people, and the 1948 creation of Israel displaced 2 million Palestinians.
  4. Impact on Source Regions: Causes brain drain or labor loss, but reduces local population pressure.
  5. Impact on Destination Regions: Alters religious and linguistic composition, increases population density, and creates socio-economic pressures as well as economic growth (e.g., cross-border migration into Assam from Bangladesh/Nepal)

SEBA Class 9 Advanced Geography Chapter 3 Extra Solutions

📈 Exam Preparation Notice: This page provides curated SEBA Class 9 Advanced Geography Chapter 3 (Population Growth and Distribution) Important Extra Questions and Answers updated for the 2026–27 academic session. This special bundle features high-probability short answers, long conceptual questions, population growth factor breakdowns, distribution determinants, and demographic comparison tables tailored for unit tests, half-yearly evaluations, and final school examinations.

💡 Excel in Class 9 Advanced Geography:

Post Views: 36

Leave a Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *