Looking for an exam-oriented collection of Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) for SEBA Class 9 Social Science Geography Chapter 1 (Changes of Earth’s Surface / ভূ-পৃষ্ঠৰ পৰিৱৰ্তন) for the 2026–27 academic session? Access chapter-wise objective questions with verified answers, match-the-column items, and assertion-reason questions. Master key physical geography concepts covering endogenous vs. exogenous forces; mechanical, chemical, and biological weathering; agents of denudation (running water, groundwater, wind, glaciers, sea waves); river courses and associated erosional and depositional features (V-shaped valleys, gorges, waterfalls, meanders, oxbow lakes, floodplains, deltas); glacial landforms (U-shaped valleys, hanging valleys, cirques, moraines); aeolian arid landforms (mushroom rocks, yardangs, zeugens, sand dunes, barchans, loess); coastal features (sea cliffs, sea caves, arches, stacks, beaches, spits); and karst topography, designed strictly according to the Assam Board (SEBA) Class 9 examination curriculum.
Q.1. What percentage of the earth’s surface is covered by oceans (hydrosphere)? A) 29%
B) 50%
C) 71%
D) 79%
Answer: C) 71%
Q.2. What percentage of the earth’s surface is covered by landmass (continents)? A) 29%
B) 50%
C) 71%
D) 85%
Answer: A) 29%
Q.3. Which of the following is an example of an exogenic factor? A) Earthquake
B) Volcanic eruption
C) River
D) Plate tectonic movement
Answer: C) River
Q.4. Which of the following is an example of an endogenic factor? A) Wind
B) Glacier
C) Sea-wave
D) Earthquake
Answer: D) Earthquake
Q.5. Where do exogenic forces primarily operate from? A) Earth’s interior invisibly
B) Outside visibly
C) Ocean trenches only
D) Volcanic magma chambers
Answer: B) Outside visibly
Q.6. What is the major process behind the occurrence of endogenic events? A) Weathering
B) Plate tectonics
C) Deflation
D) Abrasion
Answer: B) Plate tectonics
Q.7. What are the main sources of exogenic factors? A) Earth’s core and mantle
B) The sun and the earth’s atmosphere
C) Ocean currents and tides
D) Volcanic heat and magma
Answer: B) The sun and the earth’s atmosphere
Q.8. During which period was most of the earth’s surface covered under ice about two million years ago? A) Stone Age
B) Ice Age
C) Industrial Age
D) Modern Era
Answer: B) Ice Age
Q.9. In which type of areas are the works of rivers mostly dominant? A) Desert areas
B) Polar areas
C) Rainy areas
D) Coastal areas
Answer: C) Rainy areas
Q.10. In which type of areas are the works of winds mostly dominant? A) Desert areas
B) High altitude areas
C) Rainy tropical areas
D) Coastal areas
Answer: A) Desert areas
SEBA Class 9 Geography Chapter 1 MCQ
Q.11. In which type of areas are the works of glaciers mostly dominant? A) Deserts
B) Polar and high altitude areas
C) River mouths
D) Plains
Answer: B) Polar and high altitude areas
Q.12. In which type of areas are the works of sea-waves mostly dominant? A) Desert areas
B) Mountain valleys
C) Coastal areas
D) River basins
Answer: C) Coastal areas
Q.13. What are the three main groups of works performed by a river? A) Heating, cooling, and freezing
B) Erosion, transportation, and deposition
C) Deflation, abrasion, and melting
D) Uplifting, subsiding, and folding
Answer: B) Erosion, transportation, and deposition
Q.14. What is the direct action of flowing water on channel sands and pebbles called? A) Hydraulic action
B) Tsunami action
C) Seismic action
D) Glacial action
Answer: A) Hydraulic action
Q.15. What kind of river erosion widens the river channel by eroding its banks? A) Vertical erosion
B) Lateral erosion
C) Bottom erosion
D) Headward erosion
Answer: B) Lateral erosion
Q.16. What is a zigzag river course flowing over the gentle slopes of plains called? A) Straight course
B) Braided course
C) Meandering course
D) Deltaic course
Answer: C) Meandering course
Q.17. What is a horse-shoe shaped lake formed by a cut-off river meander called? A) Crater lake
B) Glacial lake
C) Horse-shoe lake or beel
D) Salt lake
Answer: C) Horse-shoe lake or beel
Q.18. Which of the following is a famous wetland and waterbody near Guwahati rich in biodiversity? A) Dal Lake
B) Deepar Beel
C) Chandubi Beel
D) Wular Lake
Answer: B) Deepar Beel
Q.19. In what three different ways does a river carry its sediments? A) Solid, liquid, and gas state
B) Dissolved, suspended, and rolling state
C) Freezing, melting, and evaporating state
D) Fast, slow, and stationary state
Answer: B) Dissolved, suspended, and rolling state
Q.20. What are relatively big particles carried down by a current in a rolling state called? A) Suspended load
B) Bed load
C) Dissolved load
D) Floating load
Answer: B) Bed load
Changes of Earth’s Surface Multiple Choice Questions SEBA 2026-27
Q.21. What fertile, flat landform is formed on both banks of a river due to long-continued sediment deposition? A) Plateau
B) Floodplain
C) Desert
D) Ridge
Answer: B) Floodplain
Q.22. What famous river island in Assam is a large sandbar of the river Brahmaputra? A) Umananda
B) Majuli
C) New Moore Island
D) Elephanta Island
Answer: B) Majuli
Q.23. What long embankment-like feature is formed naturally near a river channel by heavy deposited materials? A) Natural levee
B) Sand dune
C) Sea-cliff
D) Moraine
Answer: A) Natural levee
Q.24. What shape do river deltas typically resemble? A) Circle
B) Square
C) Assamese letter ‘S’ or Greek letter delta ()
D) Star
Answer: C) Assamese letter ‘S’ or Greek letter delta ()
Q.25. What is the blowing away of sands and dust by wind in deserts called? A) Abrasion
B) Deflation
C) Hydraulic action
D) Subside
Answer: B) Deflation
Q.26. What hill is formed when wind-transported sands and dust get deposited in certain places? A) Inselberg
B) Sand dune
C) Yardang
D) Glacial horn
Answer: B) Sand dune
Q.27. What frictional erosion is caused by speedy desert winds transporting rocks and pebbles? A) Deflation
B) Abrasion
C) Weathering
D) Sedimentation
Answer: B) Abrasion
Q.28. What German term means an isolated island mountain in a desert? A) Yardang
B) Inselberg
C) Moraine
D) Beel
Answer: B) Inselberg
Q.29. What are yardangs characterized by? A) Ridges and grooves occurring together on soft sedimentary rocks
B) Smooth sandy beaches
C) U-shaped glacial valleys
D) Volcanic rock craters
Answer: A) Ridges and grooves occurring together on soft sedimentary rocks
Q.30. What is a moving mass of ice down a mountain slope called?
A) Iceberg
B) Glacier
C) Avalanche
D) Snowball
Answer: B) Glacier
Class 9 Social Science Geography Chapter 1 MCQ Solutions
Q.31. Which of the following is a type of glacier?
A) Continental glacier and mountain glacier
B) River glacier and sea glacier
C) Desert glacier and valley glacier
D) Rain glacier and wind glacier
Answer: A) Continental glacier and mountain glacier
Q.32. What type of cross profile do glacial channels typically have?
A) V-shaped
B) U-shaped
C) Circular
D) Flat rectangular
Answer: B) U-shaped
Q.33. What is a sharp, conical mountain peak formed by multiple glaciers called?
A) Inselberg
B) Glacial horn
C) Yardang
D) Sand dune
Answer: B) Glacial horn
Q.34. What are the materials carried down by a glacier called?
A) Alluvium
B) Moraine
C) Silt
D) Sandbar
Answer: B) Moraine
Q.35. Which of the following is NOT a type of moraine?
A) Lateral moraine
B) Ground moraine
C) Medial moraine
D) Coastal moraine
Answer: D) Coastal moraine
Q.36. Where is a medial moraine formed?
A) At the bottom of a river channel
B) Along the middle of a large glacier where two lateral moraines merge
C) At the extreme mouth of a river delta
D) On top of a desert sand dune
Answer: B) Along the middle of a large glacier where two lateral moraines merge
Q.37. What is the contact zone of oceans and continents called?
A) Coastline
B) River channel
C) Floodplain
D) Valley floor
Answer: A) Coastline
Q.38. What is a steep, rugged coast formed by wave action on hard rocks called?
A) Beach
B) Sea-cliff
C) Delta
D) Sandbar
Answer: B) Sea-cliff
Q.39. What plain-like feature with a gentle seaward slope is formed by continuous sand deposits along the seashore?
A) Sea-cliff
B) Beach
C) Glacial horn
D) Inselberg
Answer: B) Beach
Q.40. Which famous beach is located on the sea coast of Chennai?
A) Juhu Beach
B) Marina Beach
C) Puri Beach
D) Goa Beach
Answer: B) Marina Beach
Assam Board Class 9 Geography Chapter 1 Solved MCQ PDF
Q.41. What devastating ocean waves are produced by big earthquakes occurring on the ocean floor?
A) Tsunami
B) Tidal bore
C) Hurricane
D) Tornado
Answer: A) Tsunami
Q.42. In what year did a devastating tsunami occur in Japan, causing widespread damage?
A) 1897
B) 1950
C) 2011
D) 2020
Answer: C) 2011
Q.43. What is the ultimate goal of exogenic factors acting upon the earth’s surface?
A) To make the surface uneven and irregular
B) To make the surface a level one by removing all irregularities
C) To trigger massive volcanic eruptions
D) To cause deep ocean trenches
Answer: B) To make the surface a level one by removing all irregularities
Q.44. Which earthquake in Assam created Chandubi Beel in 1897?
A) Great Assam Earthquake of 1897
B) Assam Earthquake of 1950
C) Bihar Earthquake
D) Kashmir Earthquake
Answer: A) Great Assam Earthquake of 1897
Q.45. Which factors generally tend to make the earth’s surface uneven and irregular?
A) Exogenic factors
B) Endogenic factors
C) Weathering factors
D) Gradational factors
Answer: B) Endogenic factors
Q.46. Which of the following landforms is primarily created by river deposition?
A) Inselberg
B) Delta
C) Glacial horn
D) Sea-cliff
Answer: B) Delta
Q.47. Which of the following features is associated with glacial action?
A) Sand dune
B) Drumlin
C) Natural levee
D) Yardang
Answer: B) Drumlin
Q.48. What is the average velocity of most continental and mountain glaciers?
A) More than 100 meters a day
B) Less than 1 meter a day
C) Exactly 50 meters an hour
D) Zero meters (completely stationary)
Answer: B) Less than 1 meter a day
Q.49. Which wind-related hazard affects certain parts of the world regularly?
A) Tsunami
B) Hurricane, typhoon, and tornado
C) Earthquake
D) Volcanic eruption
Answer: B) Hurricane, typhoon, and tornado
Q.50. Why are floodplains considered very important for human settlement?
A) Because they are rocky and barren
B) Because they are fertile and suitable for cultivation
C) Because they are located high up on mountain peaks
D) Because they are completely covered in glacial ice
Answer: B) Because they are fertile and suitable for cultivation
🌍 Class 9 Social Science MCQ Practice Notice: This page features an exhaustive set of SEBA Class 9 Social Science (Geography Section) Chapter 1: Changes of Earth’s Surface Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) with Verified Answers updated for the 2026–27 academic session. Structured according to the latest Assam Board objective examination pattern, these questions test conceptual clarity, geological terminology, and landform identification—covering endogenic and exogenic processes, types of weathering, and the erosional and depositional landforms created by rivers, wind, glaciers, and sea waves—to help you secure full marks in Section A of your school unit tests, half-yearly exams, and annual examinations.
💡 Ace Your Class 9 Geography Objective Assessments:
- Confused about distinguishing between erosional and depositional landforms (e.g., oxbow lakes vs. deltas, cirques vs. moraines, mushroom rocks vs. barchans), the exact chemical weathering process responsible for rust formation (oxidation), or the agent responsible for creating U-shaped valleys? Leave your query in the comments section below!
- Bookmark this page to test your speed and geographical landform recognition before your upcoming unit tests, half-yearly exams, and final annual examinations.
- Share this link with your classmates and WhatsApp study groups to practice and master Class 9 Social Science physical geography objective questions together!