Looking for complete, textbook-verified solutions for SEBA Class 10 Social Science History Chapter 3 (Anti-British Rising and Peasant Revolts in Assam / অসমত ব্ৰিটিছ বিৰোধী জাগৰণ আৰু কৃষক বিদ্ৰোহ) for the 2026–27 academic session? Access step-by-step solutions to all textbook questions—including Very Short Answer (VSA), Short Answer (SA), and Long Answer (LA) questions. Master high-scoring answers covering early resistance led by Gomdhar Konwar (1828), Piyoli Phukan, and Jiuram Dulia Barua; the Revolt of 1857 in Assam led by Maniram Dewan, Piyali Baruah, and Kandarpeswar Singha; the execution of Maniram Dewan; peasant uprisings ignited by oppressive colonial land revenues; the historic Phulaguri Dhawa (1861) triggered by opium ban taxes and the death of Lt. Singer; peasant revolts of Rangia, Lachima, and the Jallianwala Bagh of Assam at Patharughat (1894); tribal uprisings led by the Jaintias (U Kiang Nangbah), Nagas, and Lushais; the heroic role of Sambhudhan Phonglo in the North Cachar Hills; the historic significance of Raij Mels; and structured model answers designed strictly according to the Assam Board (SEBA) HSLC blueprint.
1. After the establishment of the British rule in Assam how did the system of revenue collection change?
Answer: Prior to the British, revenue was not collected through cash. The British introduced a strict cash-based land revenue and tax system, which required payment in cash coins and heavily impoverished the people.
2. In which year did Moffat Mills come to Assam?
Answer: 1853.
3. Who were the Keyas?
Answer: The Keyas were immigrant Marwari businessmen and merchants who acted as Mahajans and thrived on high-interest loans in Assam.
4. Who led the revolt of 1857 in Assam?
Answer: Maniram Dewan.
5. Which Ahom Prince did the rebels of Assam want to re-install on the throne in the revolt of 1857?
Answer: Ahom Prince Kandarpeswar Singha.
6. Who was the Bengali Mukhtyar who helped Maniram Dewan?
Answer: Madhu Mallik.
7. Who was hanged along with Maniram Dewan?
Answer: Piyoli Barua.
8. Who tried the case of Maniram Dewan?
Answer: Captain Holroyd (in a special Court of Justice).
SEBA Class 10 History Chapter 3 Solutions
9. Mention two causes of the failure of the revolt of 1857 in Assam.
Answer:
- The number of rebels was very small, and the new middle class did not support it.
- The chief organizer, Maniram Dewan, was far away in Calcutta and failed to command the revolt properly.
10. In which years were the Stamp tax and Income tax implemented?
Answer: Stamp duties were implemented in 1858, and Income tax was implemented in 1860.
11. Write two causes of the pitiable condition of the peasants of Assam during the British rule.
Answer:
- Heavy, continuous increases in land revenue and cash taxes without any government relief during famines or crop failures.
- Exploitation by Marwari and Bengali Mahajans who charged high interest on loans taken just to pay land taxes.
12. Who was Lieutenant Singer?
Answer: He was the Assistant Commissioner to the Nowgaon Deputy Commissioner who was killed by protesting peasants during the Phulaguri Dhawa in 1861.
13. When did the Phulaguri Dhawa take place?
Answer: 18 October 1861.
14. When did the peasant revolt of Rangia take place?
Answer: December 1893 to January 1894 (beginning on 24 December 1893).
15. Where is Lachima located?
Answer: In the Bajali region (North Kamrup / Sarukhetri Mouja).
16. When did the peasant revolt of Lachima take place?
Answer: January 1894.
17. When did the peasant revolt of Patharughat take place?
Answer: January 1894 (climax on 27–28 January 1894).
18. Who led the Jaintia revolt in 1861?
Answer: Ukiang Nongbah.
19. Who led the revolt of the ethnic tribes of North Cachar in 1881?
Answer: Sambhudhan Kachari.
20. Who punished Tikendrajit with the death sentence?
Answer: A special British military court/administration following the 1891 Manipur revolt.
Anti-British Rising and Peasant Revolts in Assam Textual Questions SEBA 2026-27
21. In which year was J.W. Quinton murdered?
Answer: 1891.
Long Answer Type Questions
1. Discuss in brief the causes of the revolt of 1857–58.
Answer:
- Imperialist Policies: Policies like Lord Wellesley’s Subsidiary Alliance and Lord Dalhousie’s Doctrine of Lapse annexed many Indian kingdoms, angering deposed rulers.
- Economic Exploitation: Heavy land revenues and new taxes drained Indian wealth and impoverished common peasants.
- Military Discontent: Indian sepoys in the British army faced discrimination, low pay, and cultural disrespect.
- Assam Context: In Assam, the erstwhile elite class and common people joined to overthrow the British to restore the Ahom monarchy and escape economic misery.
2. Discuss the role of Maniram Dewan in the revolt of 1857–58 in Assam.
Answer:
- Maniram Dewan was the primary mastermind who planned to drive out the British from Assam and restore the Ahom monarchy under Kandarpeswar Singha.
- While in Calcutta in 1857, he met Madhu Mallik and conspired to ignite a revolt with the help of Indian sepoys stationed in Assam.
- He sent secret letters to Jorhat to organize local leaders like Piyoli Barua and Bahadur Gaonburha.
- Although arrested and hanged on 26 February 1858, his brave leadership inspired future generations of freedom fighters in Assam.
3. Discuss the reasons why the revolt of 1857–58 failed in Assam.
Answer:
- Small Support Base: The rebellion was restricted mostly to Jorhat and Sibsagar; the new middle class in Gauhati and Nowgaon did not support it.
- Distance of Leader: Maniram Dewan tried to direct the revolt from distant Calcutta through letters instead of being physically present.
- Lack of Secrecy: British officer Captain Holroyd intercepted the conspiracy letters, allowing the British to arrest leaders beforehand.
- Inadequate Arms: The rebels lacked sufficient weapons, and the sepoys in Assam did not rise up with the same magnitude as troops in North India.
4. Discuss the importance of the revolt of 1857 in Assam.
Answer:
- For the first time, Assam was directly linked with a major pan-Indian historical movement.
- It fostered unity between the Hindu and Muslim communities, laying the groundwork for regional nationalism.
- The spirit and sacrifices of Maniram Dewan and his associates inspired later anti-British movements, including the peasant revolts starting in 1861 and the freedom struggle under Mahatma Gandhi.
5. Write a note on the Phulaguri Dhawa.
Answer:
- Cause: In 1861, the British banned poppy cultivation—the primary livelihood of the Tiwa community in Phulaguri—while continuing to sell opium themselves, alongside rumors of taxes on Tamul-paan.
- The Uprising: Over 4,000 peasants gathered in Raij Mels to protest. When Assistant Commissioner Lieutenant Singer tried to forcefully grab their bamboo sticks on 18 October 1861, an enraged mob attacked and killed him, throwing his body into the Kollong River.
- Outcome: The British brutally crushed the revolt, hanged three peasant leaders (including Lakkhan Deka), and exiled others. However, it marked a historic beginning of mass organized resistance and non-cooperation against British imperialism.
Class 10 History Chapter 3 Question Answer Assam Board
6. Discuss the peasant revolt of North Kamrup in 1894.
Answer:
- Cause: Chief Commissioner Sir William Ward increased land revenue by 100% in 1892, pushing peasants to their breaking point.
- Rangia and Lachima: Peasants organized powerful Raij Mels, declared a “no-tax campaign,” and boycotted corrupt Marwari Mahajans. In Rangia (December 1893) and Lachima (January 1894), peasants protested revenue collections and clashed with authorities.
- Repression: Deputy Commissioner J. D. McCabe used extreme force, arresting leaders and publicly humiliating them by tying them to bullock yokes. Despite heavy repression, the revolt proved the collective strength of Assamese peasants.
7. Give an account of the peasant revolt of Patharughat in 1894.
Answer:
- Background: Peasants of Darrang district (Kalaigaon, Sipajhar, Mangaldai) organized Raij Mels in January 1894 to protest the harsh 100% hike in land revenue.
- The Conflict: On 27 January 1894, Deputy Commissioner J.D. Anderson and police went to Patharughat to confiscate property and crush the protest. When an angry crowd of 2,000 peasants marched toward the camp demanding justice, police tried to disperse them by force.
- Tragedy: When peasants retaliated with stones and sticks, the British opened fire, killing dozens of unarmed protesters (unofficial records report 140 dead) in one of colonial Assam’s worst massacres.
8. Write a note on the Jaintia revolt against the British in 1850. (Note: Text refers to 1860–1863)
Answer:
- Causes: Following the annexation of the Jaintia Kingdom in 1835, the British banned traditional community fishing, firewood collection, and weapon use, while imposing new house and income taxes.
- The Revolt: Led by the brave freedom fighter Ukiang Nongbah, the Jaintias organized village meetings and attacked British camps around Jowai on 17 January 1862.
- Suppression: The British deployed heavy military forces under General G.D. Showers. After announcing a 1,000-rupee bounty, they captured Ukiang Nongbah and publicly hanged him in Jowai, ending the revolt by 1863.
9. Write about the anti-British revolt of 1891 in Manipur under the leadership of Tikendrajit.
Answer:
- Background: In 1890, an internal royal family feud led Prince Kulachandra to dethrone King Surachandra. The British intervened, recognized Kulachandra, but ordered him to banish his anti-British Commander-in-Chief (Senapati), Tikendrajit.
- The Conflict: When Chief Commissioner J.W. Quinton went to Manipur to arrest Tikendrajit in 1891, freedom-seeking Manipuri soldiers killed him and four other European officers.
- Outcome: The British sent a massive military expedition, captured Tikendrajit, and hanged him. King Kulachandra was exiled, a heavy financial fine of Rs. 2.50 lakhs was imposed, and British direct control was established.
Write Short Notes
1. The revenue system implemented by the British in Assam.
Answer: The British replaced the traditional Assamese barter and labor-service revenue system with a strict cash-based land revenue system. Taxes were heavily increased, and payment had to be made strictly in cash coins. Since villages were self-sufficient with few ways to earn cash, poor peasants were forced into heavy debt with immigrant Marwari and Bengali Mahajans, leading to widespread poverty and loss of land.
Assam Board HSLC Class 10 History Chapter 3 Solved Textbook Solutions PDF
2. Maniram Dewan.
Answer: Maniram Borbhandar Barua (Maniram Dewan) was a prominent Assamese leader who initially served the British as a Sheristadar and later as Dewan to King Purandar Singha. Disillusioned when the British denied him land tax exemptions and stripped his family of ancestral privileges, he masterminded the 1857 conspiracy in Assam to restore the Ahom monarchy under Kandarpeswar Singha. He was arrested and publicly hanged in Jorhat on 26 February 1858, becoming an immortal martyr of Assam’s freedom history.
3. Phulaguri Dhawa.
Answer: Phulaguri Dhawa (1861) was the first major peasant uprising in Assam against British economic exploitation. Triggered by the total ban on poppy cultivation (the livelihood of the Tiwa community) and rumors of taxes on betel nuts, thousands of peasants gathered in Raij Mels. When Assistant Commissioner Lieutenant Singer tried to forcefully disperse them on 18 October 1861, peasants killed him. Though brutally crushed by the British, it inspired future anti-colonial movements and non-cooperation strategies.
4. Peasant revolt of Lachima.
Answer: The peasant revolt of Lachima took place in January 1894 in the Bajali region of North Kamrup as part of the “no-tax campaign” against a 100% land revenue hike. When local tax collectors attempted to extract revenue, angry peasants beat them up. Deputy Commissioner J.D. McCabe responded with brutal repression, arresting dozens of rebels and publicly humiliating them by tying them to bullock yokes. Despite this cruelty, the revolt demonstrated the fierce unity and resistance of the peasantry.
5. Battle of Patharughat.
Answer: Patharughat (January 1894) in Darrang district was the site of a tragic and heroic peasant uprising against exorbitant land taxes. Thousands of peasants gathered in peaceful Raij Mels to protest the revenue hike. When District Commissioner J.D. Anderson attempted to disperse the protesting crowd by force, a clash ensued. The British opened indiscriminate fire on unarmed protesters, killing dozens (unofficial records state 140 dead), earning Patharughat the somber title of Assam’s “Jallianwala Bagh.”
6. Importance of peasant revolts in Assam.
Answer: The 19th-century peasant revolts (Phulaguri, Rangia, Lachima, Patharughat) played a crucial role in Assam’s history. They united diverse ethnic groups, castes, and communities through democratic Raij Mels. These uprisings fostered early anti-colonial consciousness, popularized the concept of “no-tax campaigns,” and served as a powerful source of inspiration for freedom fighters during India’s later National Movement.
7. Tikendrajit.
Answer: Bir Tikendrajit Singh was the brave Commander-in-Chief (Senapati) of Manipur who valiantly fought to protect his kingdom’s independence. In 1891, when the British tried to interfere in Manipur’s internal administration and banish him, local forces led by him resisted and killed Chief Commissioner J.W. Quinton. Following a retaliatory British military invasion, Tikendrajit was captured and hanged to death, securing his place as a legendary freedom fighter in North-East Indian history.
⚔️ HSLC Class 10 Social Science Solutions Notice: This page features the complete SEBA Class 10 Social Science (History Section) Chapter 3: Anti-British Rising and Peasant Revolts in Assam Official Textual Questions and Answers updated for the 2026–27 academic session. Formatted according to the official Assam Board evaluation standards, every historic rebellion—from the patriotic sacrifice of Maniram Dewan and Piyali Baruah in 1857 to the agrarian resistance organized through democratic Raij Mels, the opium-ban revolt at Phulaguri, the mass uprising at Patharughat, and North Cachar Hills tribal resistance led by Sambhudhan Phonglo—is answered with chronological precision, clear factual headings, and point-wise layouts to help you secure full marks in your 2-mark, 3-mark, and 5-mark board exam questions.
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