Boost your HSLC board exam scores with our curated SEBA Class 10 Science Chapter 14 extra questions and answers. Includes high-yield MCQs, short answer notes, numerical problems, and Higher-Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) questions updated for the 2026–27 academic course.
EXTRA QUESTION AND ANSWER
Q1. Why do we talk about an “energy crisis” if energy can neither be created nor destroyed?
Answer:
Even though energy cannot be destroyed, usable energy continuously gets converted into unusable forms like heat and sound. Since we cannot easily trap and reuse this lost energy, a shortage of usable energy occurs—leading to an energy crisis.
Q2. What are the key qualities of a good source of energy?
Answer:
A good source of energy should have the following qualities:
- It should produce a large amount of heat or work per unit mass.
- It should be easily available and easy to obtain.
- It should be easy to store and safe to transport.
- It should be economical and affordable.
- It should produce little to no pollution and be eco-friendly
Q3. Name four different forms of energy used in daily life and give one example of each.
- Muscular Energy: It is used for doing physical work like cycling, running, or lifting objects.
- Chemical Energy: It is stored in fuels like LPG, coal, and petrol used for cooking and running vehicles.
- Electrical Energy: It is used to run household appliances like fans, lights, refrigerators, and televisions.
- Solar Energy: It is directly obtained from the Sun and used in solar cookers, solar water heaters, and solar panels.
Q4. What are fossil fuels, and why are they called non-renewable energy sources?
Answer:
Fossil fuels (like coal, petroleum, and natural gas) are energy sources formed underground over millions of years from dead plants and animals.
They are called non-renewable because their supply is limited and they take millions of years to form, so they cannot be replaced quickly once used up.
Q5. What are two major disadvantages of using fossil fuels?
Answer: Two major disadvantages of using fossil fuels are:
- They release harmful gases like carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide when burned, which causes severe air pollution and acid rain.
- They are available in limited quantities on Earth and will get exhausted soon because they take millions of years to form.
SEBA Class 10 Science Chapter 14 Practice Questions
Q6. How does a thermal power plant produce electricity?
Answer: A thermal power plant produces electricity by burning fuels like coal, oil, or gas to heat water and produce high-pressure steam. This steam is then used to spin a large turbine, which rotates an attached generator to produce electrical energy.
Q7. Why are thermal power plants usually built near coal or oil fields?
Answer: Thermal power plants are usually built near coal or oil fields because transporting heavy fuels like coal or oil over long distances is very expensive and difficult. It is much easier and cheaper to transmit electricity through power lines than to transport bulky fuel.
Q8. What is hydroelectricity, and how is it generated?
Answer:Hydroelectricity is the electricity generated from the energy of moving water. It is produced by releasing water stored at a high level behind a dam so that it falls down to spin turbines connected to electrical generators
Q9. Mention two advantages and two disadvantages of hydroelectric power.
Answer: Two advantages of hydroelectric power are:
- It is a clean and renewable source of energy that does not cause air pollution.
- It does not require any fuel cost once the dam and power plant are built.
Two disadvantages of hydroelectric power are:
- It submerges large areas of agricultural land and displaces local communities.
- It harms aquatic ecosystems and destroys natural habitats and forests.
HSLC Class 10 Science Chapter 14 MCQ Questions
Q10. What is biomass energy? Give two examples of biomass fuels.
Answer: Biomass energy is the energy obtained from organic plant and animal matter, such as agricultural waste and animal dung.
Two common examples of biomass fuels are biogas and charcoal.
Q11. How is biogas produced?
Answer:
Biogas is produced by the anaerobic decomposition (breakdown without oxygen) of animal dung and plant waste inside a closed dome structure called a biogas plant.
Q12. State two main advantages of using biogas.
Answer: Two main advantages of using biogas are:
- It burns with a clean, smokeless flame without leaving any ash, which makes it an efficient fuel that does not cause air pollution.
- The leftover slurry after gas production serves as an excellent organic manure rich in nitrogen and phosphorus for agricultural crops.
Q13. What is wind energy, and how is it used to generate electricity?
Answer:
Wind energy is the kinetic energy harvested from moving air. It is obtained using windmills, where strong winds spin the large blades, which rotate a turbine connected to an electric generator.
Q14. State two major limitations of wind energy.
Answer: Two major limitations of wind energy are:
- It requires continuous, strong winds with a minimum speed of 15 km/h to generate electricity, making it dependent on weather conditions.
- Wind farms require vast areas of land and involve very high initial setup and maintenance costs.
Class 10 Science Chapter 14 Important Questions SEBA 2026-27
Q15. Where is India’s largest wind energy farm located?
Answer:
India’s largest wind energy farm cluster is located at Kanyakumari in Tamil Nadu, which generates around 1500 MW of electricity.
Q16. What are non-conventional sources of energy? Give two examples.
Answer: Non-conventional sources of energy are modern, alternative sources of energy that are renewable, eco-friendly, and non-polluting.
Examples of non-conventional energy sources are solar energy and wind energy.
Q17. What is solar energy, and how do we capture it?
Answer: Solar energy is the heat and light energy received directly from the Sun. It is captured using solar thermal devices (like solar cookers and water heaters) or converted into electricity using solar panels.
Q18. Mention two advantages and two disadvantages of solar energy.
Answer: Two advantages of solar energy are:
- It is an infinite, clean, and non-polluting source of energy that operates silently with low maintenance requirements.
- It helps reduce electricity bills and decreases dependency on fossil fuels.
Two disadvantages of solar energy are:
- It is weather-dependent and cannot generate power at night or during cloudy days.
- The initial installation cost of solar panels and setup is very high.
Q19. What are solar cells, and where are they used?
Answer: Solar cells are electronic devices made of silicon that convert sunlight directly into electrical energy.
Uses:
- Powering space satellites and artificial space probes.
- Operating calculators, traffic signals, and streetlights in remote areas.
Q20. What is tidal energy, and how is it harnessed?
Answer: Tidal energy is energy obtained from the movement of ocean tides caused by the gravitational pull of the Moon and Sun. Dam-like barriers are built across narrow sea openings where flowing high and low tides turn turbines to generate electricity.
SEBA Class 10 Science Chapter 14 Extra Questions
Q21. What is wave energy, and how is it used to generate electricity?
Answer: Wave energy is the energy obtained from strong ocean waves near the coast. These waves are caused by winds and are used to turn turbines connected to generators to produce electricity.
Q22. What is Ocean Thermal Energy (OTEC), and how is it harnessed?
Answer: Ocean Thermal Energy uses the difference in temperature between warm surface water and cold deep ocean water. The warm surface water is used to boil a volatile liquid (like ammonia), and the rising steam drives turbines to generate electricity.
Q23. What is geothermal energy, and how is it converted into power?
Answer: Geothermal energy is heat energy trapped deep inside the Earth. Hot rocks underground heat up water to turn it into steam, which is then piped out to spin turbines and produce electricity.
Q24. What is nuclear fission?
Answer: Nuclear fission is a process in which the heavy nucleus of an atom (like Uranium) splits into smaller, lighter nuclei when hit by neutrons, releasing a massive amount of energy.
Q25. State the famous equation that calculates the energy released in nuclear reactions.
Answer: The energy released in a nuclear reaction is given by Einstein’s equation:
E = m * c^2
Where:
- E = Energy released
- m = Mass lost (mass defect)
- c = Speed of light in vacuum
Q26. What are the major problems associated with nuclear power generation?
Answer: The major problems associated with nuclear power generation are:
- It is very difficult to safely store and dispose of hazardous radioactive waste.
- Any accidental radiation leakage can cause severe biological and environmental damage.
- Setting up nuclear power plants requires huge capital investment and high setup costs.
- Nuclear fuels like Uranium are non-renewable and available in limited quantities.
Q27. What is nuclear fusion, and where does it naturally occur?
Answer: Nuclear fusion is the process in which two lighter atomic nuclei (like hydrogen) combine under high heat and pressure to form a heavier nucleus (like helium), releasing a huge amount of energy. Example: It is the source of energy in the Sun and other stars.
Q28. State two key differences between nuclear fission and nuclear fusion.
Answer: Two key differences between nuclear fission and nuclear fusion are:
- Nuclear fission involves the splitting of a heavy nucleus into lighter ones, whereas nuclear fusion involves combining light nuclei to form a heavier nucleus.
- Nuclear fission does not require extremely high temperatures to occur, whereas nuclear fusion requires millions of degrees of temperature to begin.
Q29. What are the main environmental consequences of using different energy sources?
Answer: The main environmental consequences of using different energy sources are:
- Burning fossil fuels causes air pollution, acid rain, and global warming.
- Building dams for hydroelectric power floods forest lands, harms ecosystems, and displaces local communities.
- Generating nuclear energy creates dangerous radioactive waste that remains toxic for thousands of years.
- Producing solar panels and wind turbines consumes raw materials and causes pollution during manufacturing.
Q30. Differentiate between renewable and non-renewable sources of energy with examples.
Answer: Differentiate between renewable and non-renewable sources of energy with examples are:
- Renewable sources of energy cannot be exhausted because they replenish naturally over time, whereas non-renewable sources are limited in supply and will eventually run out.
- Renewable sources are generally clean and eco-friendly, whereas non-renewable sources take millions of years to form and cause environmental pollution when burned.
- Examples of renewable energy sources are solar energy and wind energy, whereas examples of non-renewable energy sources are coal and petroleum.
Class 10 Science Chapter 14 Common Questions HSLC 2027
💡 HSLC Practice Notice: This collection features additional important extra questions, MCQs, and concept-testing problems for SEBA Class 10 Science Chapter 14 (2026–27 session). These questions are curated based on past board trends and newly updated marking schemes to give you an edge in your final exams.
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